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  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (LTE)

    There are no extra parts in helicopters. The respect and discipline pilots…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Takeoff Performance

    Figure 11-19 illustrates the general effect of wind by the percent change in takeoff or landing distance as a function of the ratio of wind velocity to takeoff or landing speed. The effect of proper takeoff speed is especially ... initial ROC. In some cases, an excessive AOA may not allow the aircraft to climb out of ground effect. On the other hand, an excessive airspeed at takeoff may improve the initial ROC and “feel” of the aircraft but produces…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

    aircraft leaving ground effect after takeoff encounters just the reverse of an aircraft entering ground effect during landing. The aircraft leaving ground effect will: • Require an increase in AOA to maintain the same CL • Experience an increase in induced drag ... nose-up change in moment • Experience a reduction in static source pressure and increase in indicated airspeed Ground effect must be considered during takeoffs and landings. For example, if a pilot fails to understand the relationship between the aircraft…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation

    Following this general procedure of fitting airspeed and rotor rpm to existing conditions, a pilot can achieve approximately the same glide angle in any set of circumstances, and thereby estimate the touchdown point accurately. Figure 11-1. During an autorotation ... upward flow of relative wind permits the main rotor blades to rotate at their normal speed. In effect, the blades are “gliding” in their rotational plane. It is important that pilots experience autorotations from various airspeeds. This provides better understanding…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Low Rotor RPM and Rotor Stall

    Other causes of a power-on low rotor rpm condition include the pilot rolling the throttle the wrong way in helicopters not equipped with a governor or a governor failure in helicopters so equipped. As the rpm decreases, the amount ... horsepower the engine can produce also decreases. Engine horsepower is directly proportional to its rpm, so a 10 percent loss in rpm due to overpitching, or one of the other scenarios above, will result in a 10 percent loss…

  • CHAPTER 6. PART 107 SUBPART C, REMOTE PILOT CERTIFICATION › 6.4 Application Process › 6.4.1 Remote Pilot Applicants Without Part 61 Certificates

    Once the applicant completes the online application in IACRA, the applicant signs the application electronically and submits it to the Airman Registry for processing. No FAA representative will be required to sign the application if the applicant was able ... self-certify. Note: When an applicant seeking a Remote Pilot Certificate uses this online option, the application transmits electronically from the applicant to the Airman Registry. The only electronic signature reflected on the IACRA application will be the applicant…