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  • Chapter 8: Ground Procedures and Flight Preparations › Safety in and Around Helicopters › After Landing and Securing

    Either occurrence may cause the helicopter to roll or pitch, resulting in a rotor blade striking the tail boom or the ground. Good operating procedures dictate that, generally, pilots remain at the flight controls whenever the engine is running ... turning. If operations require the pilot to leave the cockpit to refuel, the throttle should be rolled back to flight idle and all controls firmly frictioned to prevent uncommanded control movements. The pilot should be well trained on setting controls…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls

    addition, in some large and fast aircraft, controls are boosted by hydraulically or electrically actuated systems. In both the fly-by-wire and boosted controls, the feel of the control reaction is fed back to the pilot by simulated means ... Current research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center involves Intelligent Flight Control Systems (IFCS). The goal of this project is to develop an adaptive neural network-based flight control system. Applied directly to flight…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations

    Common Errors 1. Failing to adjust cyclic control to keep the helicopter from sliding down slope. 2. Failing to maintain proper rpm. 3. Holding excessive cyclic into the slope as the down slope skid is raised. 4. Failure to maintain ... heading, resulting in a turning or pivoting motion. 5. Turning the tail of the helicopter into the slope during takeoff. Confined Area Operations A confined area is an area where the flight of the helicopter is limited in some direction…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › VFR Flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions

    first, as it is natural to look for help in stressful situations. This may distract the pilot from maintaining control of the helicopter. If the pilot is not instrument rated, instrument current nor proficient, or is flying ... equipped helicopter, remaining in VMC is paramount. Pilots who are not trained or proficient in flight solely by reference to instruments have a tendency to attempt to maintain flight by visual ground reference, which tends to result in flying…

  • Chapter 4: Helicopter Components, Sections, and Systems › Hydraulics

    Hydraulics Most helicopters, other than smaller piston-powered helicopters, incorporate the use of hydraulic actuators to overcome high control forces. [Figure 4-25] A typical hydraulic system consists of actuators, also called servos, on each flight control, a pump which ... usually driven by the main rotor transmission and a reservoir to store the hydraulic fluid. Some helicopters have accumulators located on the pressure side of the hydraulic system. This allows for a continuous fluid pressure into the system. A switch…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › Landing—Stuck Left Pedal

    power setting during the approach and ensures that the nose remains to the right. Upon reaching the intended touchdown area and at the appropriate landing gear height, increase the collective smoothly to align the nose with the landing direction ... right and directs the aircraft forward and down to the surface. In certain wind conditions, the nose of the helicopter may remain to the left with zero to near zero groundspeed above the intended touchdown point. If the helicopter…