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  • Pilot/Controller Glossary › T

    LANDING- (See TOUCH-AND-GO.) TOUCHDOWNa. The point at which an aircraft first makes contact with the landing surface. b. Concerning a precision radar approach (PAR), it is the point where the glide path intercepts the landing surface. (See ICAO ... aircraft first contact the runway. TOUCHDOWN ZONE ELEVATION- The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface. TDZE is indicated on the instrument approach procedure chart when straight-in landing minimums are authorized. (See TOUCHDOWN ZONE…

  • Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 4. Arrival Procedures › 5-4-5. Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Charts

    however, for conventional navigation systems, this radius may be expanded to 30 NM if necessary to encompass the airport landing surfaces. A single sector altitude is normally established, however when the MSA is based on a facility…

  • Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

    runway visibility value. SA. See selective availability. St. Elmo’s Fire. A corona discharge which lights up the aircraft surface areas where maximum static discharge occurs. Satellite ephemeris data. Data broadcast by the GPS satellite containing very accurate orbital data ... error data. Sea breeze. A coastal breeze blowing from sea to land caused by the temperature difference when the land surface is warmer than the sea surface. The sea breeze usually occurs during the day and alternates with the land…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Common Errors › Crosswind During Approaches

    Technique As the helicopter nears the surface, increase the collective, as necessary, to cushion the landing on the surface, terminate in a skids-level attitude with no forward movement. Common Errors 1. Terminating to a hover, and then making…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Approaches

    type of approach best suited to the existing conditions. These conditions may include obstacles, size and surface of the landing area, density altitude, wind direction and speed, and weight. Regardless of the type of approach, it should always be made…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Final Approach › Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance

    excessive rate of descent or a low altitude stall. It is possible for either or both to occur. Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance A wrong surface landing occurs when an aircraft lands or tries to land on the wrong runway ... driven by GPS, and these devices should increase situational awareness and safety. If there is a doubt over the landing surface, the pilot should go around and consider the situation further…