Tutor Platform
Study note

Get a short, cited explanation of this element written from the FAA handbooks: the core idea, the numbers that matter, common test traps, and a quick self-check.

Sign in to generate a study note

From the FAA library

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation › Common Errors

    weight is placed on the landing carriage, slowing the helicopter; however, this is dependent on the condition of the landing surface. One common error is the holding of the helicopter off the surface, versus cushioning it onto the surface during ... contacting the tail boom. The rotor rpm should be used to cushion the helicopter on to the surface for a controlled, smooth landing instead of allowing the helicopter to drop the last few inches. Common Errors 1. Not understanding…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient

    Runway Surface and Gradient Runway conditions affect takeoff and landing performance. Typically, performance chart information assumes paved, level, smooth, and dry runway surfaces. Since no two runways are alike, the runway surface differs from one runway to another, as does ... referred to as braking effectiveness. Ensure that runways are adequate in length for takeoff acceleration and landing deceleration when less than ideal surface conditions are being reported…

  • Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

    runway visibility value. SA. See selective availability. St. Elmo’s Fire. A corona discharge which lights up the aircraft surface areas where maximum static discharge occurs. Satellite ephemeris data. Data broadcast by the GPS satellite containing very accurate orbital data ... error data. Sea breeze. A coastal breeze blowing from sea to land caused by the temperature difference when the land surface is warmer than the sea surface. The sea breeze usually occurs during the day and alternates with the land…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation › Technique (How to Practice)

    weight is placed on the landing carriage, slowing the helicopter; however, this is dependent on the condition of the landing surface…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Final Approach › Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance

    excessive rate of descent or a low altitude stall. It is possible for either or both to occur. Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance A wrong surface landing occurs when an aircraft lands or tries to land on the wrong runway ... driven by GPS, and these devices should increase situational awareness and safety. If there is a doubt over the landing surface, the pilot should go around and consider the situation further…

  • 14 CFR § 91.176 Straight-in landing operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR.

    identify the runway threshold using at least one of the following visual references— (1) The beginning of the runway landing surface; (2) The threshold lights; or (3) The runway end identifier lights. (B) The pilot must identify the touchdown zone ... using at least one of the following visual references— (1) The runway touchdown zone landing surface; (2) The touchdown zone lights; (3) The touchdown zone markings; or (4) The runway lights. (iii) At 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation…