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  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Insufficient Training & Experience

    within acceptable levels. Some common threats include: • Malfunction of aircraft systems, engines, flight controls, or automation. • Various unforecast weather hazards. • Collision hazards, including wildlife on airports and birds in the air. • Unexpected sudden reductions in visibility. • Closures of facilities, runways…

  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Hazard Combinations › Airspace, Air Traffic Control, and Other Aircraft

    hazard. • Prohibited and Restricted Airspace–Different airspace designations and restrictions are meant to protect pilots and aircraft from hazards. For example, entering a prohibited or restricted area without permission can result in conflicts with military aircraft. • ATC Delays and Service ... system may require route changes or holding, which may require more fuel than expected. • Air Traffic Density and Collision Hazards–Pilots are responsible for seeing and avoiding other aircraft when flying under VFR or in VMC while flying under…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Runway Incursion Avoidance

    occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing ... surface as in other phases of flights. Proper planning can prevent runway incursions and the possibility of a ground collision. A pilot should always be aware of the aircraft’s position on the surface at all times and be aware…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › VFR Flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions

    them (e.g., power lines, towers, rising terrain, etc.). By the time the pilot sees the hazard, it is either too late to avoid a collision, or while successfully maneuvering to avoid an obstacle, the pilot becomes disoriented. Flying at night…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Low-G Conditions and Mast Bumping

    The accident sequence may be extremely rapid, and the energy and inertia…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Lost Procedures

    Information requirements vary depending on the existing situation, but at a minimum…