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  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Ground-Based Navigation › VFR Use of GPS

    system of navigation. GPS navigation must be integrated with other forms of electronic navigation, as well as pilotage and dead reckoning. Only through the integration of these techniques can the VFR pilot ensure accuracy in navigation. Some critical concerns…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Lost Procedures

    climb. An increase in altitude increases radio and navigation reception range as well as radar coverage. Navigation aids, dead reckoning, and pilotage are skills that can be used as well. • Do not forget air traffic control (ATC)—controllers assist pilots…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation › RAIM Capability › Tips for Using GPS for VFR Operations

    displayed position when any disagreement exists with the position derived from other radio navigation systems, pilotage, or dead reckoning. Check the currency of the database, if any. If expired, update the database using the current revision. If an update…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Dead Reckoning › Wind Triangle or Vector Analysis

    establishes the time to arrive at each checkpoint and the destination. Except for flights over water, dead reckoning is usually used with pilotage for cross-country flying. The heading and GS, as calculated, is constantly monitored and corrected by pilotage ... airspeed. This condition rarely exists. A wind triangle, the pilot’s version of vector analysis, is the basis of dead reckoning. The wind triangle is a graphic explanation of the effect of wind upon flight. GS, heading, and time…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Pilotage

    Pilotage Pilotage is navigation by reference to landmarks or checkpoints. It is a method of navigation that can be used on any course that has adequate checkpoints, but it is more commonly used in conjunction with dead reckoning…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation

    computing flight time, headings, and fuel requirements. The methods used in this chapter include pilotage—navigating by reference to visible landmarks, dead reckoning—computations of direction and distance from a known position, and radio navigation—by use of radio aids…