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  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Reconnaissance Procedures › High Reconnaissance

    departure. The pilot should also give particular consideration to forced landing areas in case of an emergency. Altitude, airspeed, and flight pattern for a high reconnaissance are governed by wind and terrain features. It is important to strike a balance ... studying the area and avoiding obstructions to flight. A high reconnaissance should be flown at an altitude of 300 to 500 feet above the surface. A general rule to follow is to ensure that sufficient altitude is available…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    item that alters the landing speed or deceleration rate during the landing roll affects the landing distance. The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance. One effect of an increased ... gross weight is that a greater speed is required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient. For an example of the effect of a change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in landing weight requires…

  • Chapter 12: Night Operations › Night Flight › Illusions Leading to Landing Errors

    Outside visual references for airspeed and rate of closure may not be available, especially when landing in an unlit area, so pay special attention to the airspeed indicator. Although the landing light is a helpful aid when making night approaches ... there is an inherent disadvantage. The portion of the landing area illuminated by the landing light seems higher than the dark area surrounding it. This effect can cause a pilot to terminate the approach at an altitude that…

  • LANDING › DOWNWIND LANDING

    DOWNWIND LANDING Although downwind landings often require significantly more water area, there are occasions when they are more convenient or even safer than landing into the wind. Sometimes landing upwind would mean a long, slow taxi back along the landing ... path to get to the dock or mooring area. If winds are less than 5 knots and there is ample room, landing downwind could save taxi time. Unless the winds are light, a downwind landing is seldom necessary. Before deciding…

  • LANDINGS

    LANDINGS Landing a skiplane is easy compared to landing with wheels; however, for off-airport landings, extra precautions are necessary. Be careful in choosing a landing site. Before landing, evaluate the site to be sure a safe departure will ... possible. Upon arriving at a prospective landing site, a pass should be made over the landing area to determine landing direction, and to determine if a safe approach and landing can be completed. A trial landing should be accomplished…