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  • Chapter 13: Effective Aeronautical Decision-Making › Risk Management › Four Risk Elements

    Figure 13-5. Risk elements to evaluate in decision-making. personal evaluations of the aircraft, such as its powerplant, performance, equipment, fuel state, or airworthiness. A situation to consider: en route to an oil rig an hour’s flight from…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Takeoff Performance

    effect on takeoff performance. While subsequent corrections are appropriate for the effect of temperature on certain items of powerplant performance, density altitude defines specific effects on takeoff performance. An increase in density altitude can produce a twofold effect on takeoff…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (LTE)

    prevent spinning once the helicopter lifts off the ground. A helicopter is heavy, and the powerplant places a high demand on fuel. Weight penalizes performance, but all helicopters must have an antitorque system, which adds weight. Therefore, the tail rotor…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › LTE at Altitude

    altitudes where the air is thinner, tail rotor thrust and efficiency are reduced. Because of the high-density altitude, powerplants may be much slower to respond to power changes. When operating at high altitudes and high gross weights, especially while ... operations need to be limited to lower density altitudes. This may not be noted as criteria on the performance charts…

  • Chapter 4: Helicopter Components, Sections, and Systems

    higher stress or heat. Airframe design encompasses engineering, aerodynamics, materials technology, and manufacturing methods to achieve favorable balances of performance, reliability, and cost. [Figure 4-1] Fuselage The fuselage, the outer core of the airframe, is an aircraft’s main ... left side or center. The fuselage also houses the engine, the transmission, avionics, flight controls, and the powerplant. [Figure…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight

    Chapter Summary Modern general aviation aircraft have what may be considered high performance characteristics. Therefore, it is increasingly necessary that pilots appreciate and understand the principles upon which the art of flying is based. For additional information on the principles ... flight are thrust, drag, lift, and weight. They are defined as follows: • Thrust—the forward force produced by the powerplant/ propeller or rotor. It opposes or overcomes the force of drag. As a general rule, it acts parallel…