SH.VIII.I.R2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... downwash, and wingtip vortices, there may be a change in position (installation) error of the airspeed system associated with ground effect. In the majority of cases, ground effect causes an increase in the local pressure at the static source…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 11-11
  Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Ground Resonance

  Ground Resonance Helicopters with articulating rotors (usually designs with three or more main rotor blades) are subject to ground resonance, a destructive vibration phenomenon that occurs at certain rotor speeds when the helicopter is on the ground. Ground resonance ... balance rotor. The unbalanced rotor disk vibrates at the same frequency (or multiple thereof) of the airframe’s resonant frequency, and the harmonic oscillation increases because the engine is adding power to the system, increasing the magnitude (amplitude…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 9-13
  Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Ground Reference Maneuvers

  Ground Reference Maneuvers Ground reference maneuvers may be used as training exercises to help develop a division of attention between the flightpath and ground references, and while controlling the helicopter and watching for other aircraft in the vicinity. Other examples ... ground reference maneuvers are flights for photographic or observation purposes, such as pipe line or power line checks. Prior to each maneuver, a clearing turn should be done to ensure the area is free of conflicting traffic. Figure…

• 14 CFR Part 141 — Pilot SchoolsOpen
  14 CFR Part 141, Appendix H to Part 141—Ground Instructor Certification Course

  Part 141, Appendix H to Part 141—Ground Instructor Certification Course 1. Applicability. This appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum for a ground instructor certification course and an additional ground instructor rating course, required under this part, for the following ratings ... Ground Instructor—Basic. (b) Ground Instructor—Advanced. (c) Ground Instructor—Instrument. 2. Aeronautical knowledge training. (a) Each approved course must include at least the following ground training on the knowledge areas listed in paragraphs…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-4
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control › Constant Radius During Turning Flight

  With some experience, pilots may notice how wind direction affects the time needed for various segments of ground-referenced turns. To demonstrate the effect that wind has on turns, the pilot should select a straight-line ground reference, such ... road or railroad track. [Figure 7-3] Choosing a straight-line ground reference that is parallel to the wind, the airplane would be flown into the wind and directly over the selected straight-line ground reference. Once a straight-line…