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  • Chapter 3. ICING EFFECTS, PROTECTION, AND DETECTION › 3-13. AIRPLANES NOT CERTIFICATED FOR ICING › c. Inadvertent Encounter

    c. Inadvertent Encounter. Some GA aircraft not certificated for flight in icing…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Takeoff Performance

    Figure 11-19 illustrates the general effect of wind by the percent change in takeoff or landing distance as a function of the ratio of wind velocity to takeoff or landing speed. The effect of proper takeoff speed is especially ... aircraft can become airborne. Any attempt to take off below the recommended speed means that the aircraft could stall, be difficult to control, or have a very low initial ROC. In some cases, an excessive AOA may not allow…

  • Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 1. Meteorology › 7-1-19. PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing

    hour on the unprotected part of the outer wing. The pilot should consider exiting the icing condition. 3. Moderate. The rate of ice accumulation requires frequent cycling of manual deicing systems to minimize ice accretions on the airframe. A representative ... hour on the unprotected part of the outer wing. The pilot should consider exiting the icing condition as soon as possible. 4. Severe. The rate of ice accumulation is such that ice protection systems fail to remove the accumulation…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance Factors

    Climb Performance Factors Since weight, altitude and configuration changes affect excess thrust and power, they also affect climb performance. Climb performance is directly dependent upon the ability to produce either excess thrust or excess power. Earlier in the book ... flaps all decrease both excess thrust and excess power for all aircraft. Therefore, maximum AOC and maximum ROC performance decreases under any of these conditions. Weight has a very pronounced effect on aircraft performance. If weight is added…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Accelerated Stalls

    during improperly executed turns, stall and spin recoveries, pullouts from steep dives, or when overshooting a base to final turn. An accelerated stall is typically demonstrated during steep turns. A pilot should never practice accelerated stalls with wing flaps ... extended position due to the lower design G-load limitations in that configuration. Accelerated stalls should be performed with a bank of approximately 45°, and in no case at a speed greater than the airplane manufacturer’s recommended airspeed…

  • Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Steep Turns

    dramatically during a level turn beyond 60° of bank. Note that the design of a standard category general aviation airplane accommodates a load factor up to 3.8. A level turn using 75° of bank exceeds that limit. Because of higher ... load factors, steep turns should be performed at an airspeed that does not exceed the airplane’s design maneuvering speed (VA) or operating maneuvering speed (VO). Maximum turning performance for a given speed is accomplished when an airplane…