Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category
›Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation8 tasks
Task A. Operation of Systems
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with aircraft systems and their components; and their normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures.
References: AC 90-117, AC 91.21-1, AC 91-78, AC 120-76; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
AA.I.A.K1Landing gear–extension/retraction system(s), indicators, float devices, brakes, antiskid, tires, nosewheel steering, and shock absorbers.AA.I.A.K2Powerplant–controls and indications, induction system, carburetor and fuel injection, turbocharging, cooling, mounting points, turbine wheels, compressors, deicing, anti-icing, and other related components.AA.I.A.K3Propellers–type, controls, feathering/unfeathering, auto-feather, negative torque sensing, synchronizing, synchrophasing, and thrust reverse, including uncommanded reverse procedures.AA.I.A.K4Fuel system–capacity, drains, pumps, controls, indicators, cross-feeding, transferring, jettisoning, fuel grade, color and additives, fueling and defueling procedures, and fuel substitutions.AA.I.A.K5Oil system–capacity, allowable types of oil, quantities, and indicators.AA.I.A.K6Hydraulic system–capacity, pumps, pressure, reservoirs, allowable types of fluid, and regulators.AA.I.A.K7Electrical system–alternators, generators, batteries, circuit breakers and protection devices, controls, indicators, and external and auxiliary power sources and ratings.AA.I.A.K8Pneumatic and environmental systems–heating, cooling, ventilation, oxygen, pressurization, supply for ice protection systems, controls, indicators, and regulating devices.AA.I.A.K9Avionics and communications–autopilot, flight director, Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS), Flight Management System (FMS), Electronic Flight Bag (EFB), Radar, Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Space-Based Augmentation System (SBAS), Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS), ground-based navigation systems and components, Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) In and Out, Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract (ADS-C), traffic awareness/warning/avoidance systems, terrain awareness/ warning/alert systems, communication systems (e.g., data link, Ultra High Frequency (UHF)/Very High Frequency (VHF)/High Frequency (HF), satellite), Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC), indicating devices, transponder, and emergency locator transmitter, Head Up-Display (HUD).AA.I.A.K10Ice protection–anti-ice, deice, pitot-static system protection, turbine inlet, propeller, windshield, airfoil surfaces, and other related components.AA.I.A.K11Crewmember and passenger equipment–oxygen system, survival gear, emergency exits, evacuation procedures and crew duties, quick donning oxygen mask for crewmembers, passenger oxygen system.AA.I.A.K12Flight controls–ailerons, elevator(s), rudder(s), control tabs, control boost/augmentation systems, flaps, spoilers, leading edge devices, speed brakes, stability augmentation system (e.g., yaw damper), and trim systems.AA.I.A.K13Pitot-static system–associated instruments and the power source for those flight instruments. Operation and power sources for other flight instruments.AA.I.A.K14Fire & smoke detection, protection, and suppression–powerplant, cargo and passenger compartments, lavatory, pneumatic and environmental, electrical/avionics, and batteries (on aircraft and personal electronic devices).AA.I.A.K15Envelope protection–angle of attack warning and protection, and speed protection.AA.I.A.K16The contents of the Pilot Owner's Handbook (POH) or Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) with regard to the systems and components in the airplane.AA.I.A.K17How to use a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) and a Configuration Deviation List (CDL).
AA.I.A.S1Explain and describe the operation of the aircraft systems and components using correct terminology.AA.I.A.S2Recall immediate action items or memory items, if appropriate.AA.I.A.S3Identify system or component limitations listed in the POH/AFM.AA.I.A.S4Demonstrate or describe, as appropriate, the process for deferring inoperative equipment (e.g., MEL) and using a CDL.AA.I.A.S5Comply with operations specifications, management specifications, and letters of authorization, if applicable.AA.I.A.S6Through the use of the appropriate checklists and normal and abnormal procedures, demonstrate the proper use of the aircraft systems, subsystems, and devices, as determined by the evaluator.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task B. Performance and Limitations
To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with operating an aircraft safely within its operating envelope.
References: 14 CFR parts 1, 91; AC 20-117, AC 61-107, AC 61-138, AC 91-74, AC 91-79, AC 120-27, AC 120- 58, AC 120-60, AC 135-17; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; SAFO 19001
AA.I.B.K1Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance.AA.I.B.K2How to determine the following, as applicable to the class sought:AA.I.B.K2aAccelerate-stop / accelerate-go distanceAA.I.B.K2bTakeoff performance [e.g., balance field length and Velocity, Minimum Control (ground) (VMCG)]AA.I.B.K2cClimb performanceAA.I.B.K2dCruise performance (e.g., optimum and maximum operating altitudes)AA.I.B.K2eDescent performanceAA.I.B.K2fLanding performanceAA.I.B.K2gPerformance with an inoperative powerplant for all phases of flight (AMEL, AMES)AA.I.B.K2hWeight and balance and how to shift weightAA.I.B.K3Factors affecting performance, including:AA.I.B.K3aAtmospheric conditionsAA.I.B.K3bPilot techniqueAA.I.B.K3cAircraft configuration (e.g., flap setting)AA.I.B.K3dAirport environment (e.g., runway condition, land and hold short operations (LAHSO))AA.I.B.K3eLoading (e.g., center of gravity)AA.I.B.K3fAircraft weightAA.I.B.K4Aerodynamics and how it relates to performance.AA.I.B.K5Adverse effects of exceeding an airplane limitation or the aircraft operating envelope.AA.I.B.K6Effects of icing on performance.AA.I.B.K7Clean wing concept; deicing and anti-icing procedures, including use of appropriate deice fluid, holdover tables, calculating hold-over times, and pre-takeoff contamination checks.AA.I.B.K8Air carrier weight and balance systems (e.g., average weight program). Air Transport Pilot (ATP) (AMEL, AMES).AA.I.B.K9Runway assessment and condition reporting and use of the Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM). (ATP)(AMEL, AMES).
AA.I.B.S1Describe the airspeeds used during specific phases of flight.AA.I.B.S2Describe the effects of meteorological conditions on performance for all phases of flight and correctly apply these factors to a specific chart, table, graph, or other performance data.AA.I.B.S3Describe the procedures for wing contamination recognition and any deice/anti-ice procedures prior to takeoff.AA.I.B.S4Explain the adverse effects of airframe icing during all phases of flight. Describe any operating limitations for flight in icing conditions. If equipped, describe the procedures for deicing and anti-icing system use and their effects on performance.AA.I.B.S5Compute weight and balance, including practical techniques to resolve out-of-limits calculations for a representative scenario, as specified by the evaluator.AA.I.B.S6Determine the computed center-of-gravity is within the acceptable limits and the lateral fuel balance is within limits for takeoff and landing.AA.I.B.S7Demonstrate proficient use of appropriate performance charts, tables, graphs, or other data to determine airplane performance and limitations for all phases of flight.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Weather Information (ATP)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with obtaining, understanding, and applying weather information for a flight under IFR.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-107, AC 61-138, AC 91-74, AC 91-92; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28
AA.I.C.K1Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.AA.I.C.K2Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:AA.I.C.K2aAirport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)AA.I.C.K2bSurface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)AA.I.C.K2cTerminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)AA.I.C.K2dGraphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)AA.I.C.K2eWind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)AA.I.C.K2fConvective Outlook (AC)AA.I.C.K2gInflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMETAA.I.C.K3Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination for flights conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) to include expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:AA.I.C.K3aAtmospheric composition and stabilityAA.I.C.K3bWind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)AA.I.C.K3cTemperature and heat exchangeAA.I.C.K3dMoisture/precipitationAA.I.C.K3eWeather system formation, including air masses and frontsAA.I.C.K3fCloudsAA.I.C.K3gTurbulenceAA.I.C.K3hThunderstorms and microburstsAA.I.C.K3iIcing and freezing level informationAA.I.C.K3jFog/mistAA.I.C.K3kFrostAA.I.C.K3lObstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)AA.I.C.K4Flight deck displays of digital weather and aeronautical information, their use to navigate around weather, and equipment limitations.AA.I.C.K5Low-visibility operations (e.g., surface movement, category II and III approaches). (ATP)(AMEL, AMES).AA.I.C.K6Flight Risk Assessment Tools.
AA.I.C.R1Weather conditions involved in departure and in-flight decision making, to include:AA.I.C.R1aCircumstances requiring a change in course or destinationAA.I.C.R1bKnown or forecast icing, winds or turbulence aloft, volcanic ash, destination weather, etc.AA.I.C.R1cPersonal weather minimumsAA.I.C.R1dOperator specified or aircraft operational limitations, if applicableAA.I.C.R2Use and limitations of:AA.I.C.R2aInstalled onboard weather equipmentAA.I.C.R2bAviation weather reports and forecastsAA.I.C.R2cInflight weather resources
Note: If K2 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements. If K3 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements. See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task D. High-Altitude Aerodynamics (ATP) (AMEL, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with high altitude airplane aerodynamics.
References: AC 61-107, AC 61-138, AC 120-111; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
AA.I.D.K1Aerodynamics of large transport category airplanes, including flight characteristics of swept wing airplanes (e.g., Mach buffet).AA.I.D.K2Energy management.AA.I.D.K3Relationship between Mach number, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and change over altitudes.AA.I.D.K4Load factor at high altitude and its effect on high and low speed operating margins.AA.I.D.K5Relationship between altitude capability, weight, and temperature.AA.I.D.K6Maximum Operating Speed - Knots (VMO) / Maximum Operating Speed - Mach (MMO) convergence and stall angle of attack.AA.I.D.K7Maximum Lift over Drag Ratio (L/DMAX).AA.I.D.K8Best range and best endurance.AA.I.D.K9Factors which contribute to airplane upsets at high altitude and upset prevention and recovery techniques.
Note: See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task E. Air Carrier Operations (ATP) (AMEL, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with air carrier operations.
References: 14 CFR parts 25, 121; AC 00-46, AC 61-138, AC 91.21-1, AC 91-78, AC 120-51, AC 120-66, AC 120-76, AC 120-82, AC 120-90, AC 120-101; AFM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
AA.I.E.K1Turbine engines, thrust reversing systems, and system malfunctions.AA.I.E.K2Airplane automation components (e.g., flight director, autopilot), their relationship to each other, and how to manage the automation for flight.AA.I.E.K3Advanced navigation equipment (e.g., FMS, Required Navigation Performance (RNP), ADS-B, EFB, etc.) and how it is used inflight.AA.I.E.K4Flightpath warning systems (e.g., Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS), Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) and how to respond to a warning.AA.I.E.K5Altitudes and conditions that require the use of oxygen masks.AA.I.E.K6Causes and recognition of cabin pressure loss.AA.I.E.K7Appropriate rudder use in transport aircraft to avoid rudder reversal.AA.I.E.K8Crew communications (e.g., sterile flight deck rules, briefings).AA.I.E.K9Operational control.AA.I.E.K10Elements associated with operating at complex and high traffic airports with emphasis on runway incursion prevention techniques.AA.I.E.K11Professional responsibilities associated with being an ATP certificate holder and how to apply leadership skills as pilot-in-command.AA.I.E.K12Crew resource management (CRM) principles and application in a multi-crew environment.AA.I.E.K13Use of safety programs to manage risk across an organization (e.g., Threat and error management (TEM), or Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP)).AA.I.E.K14Operations specifications.
Note: See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task F. Human Factors (ATP)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with personal health, flight physiology, and aeromedical and human factors related to safety of flight.
References: AC 60-22, AC 61-107, AC 61-138, AC 120-51, AC 120-100; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
AA.I.F.K1Causes, effects, recognition, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:AA.I.F.K1aHypoxiaAA.I.F.K1bHyperventilationAA.I.F.K1cMiddle ear and sinus problemsAA.I.F.K1dSpatial disorientationAA.I.F.K1eMotion sicknessAA.I.F.K1fCarbon monoxide poisoningAA.I.F.K1gStressAA.I.F.K1hFatigueAA.I.F.K1iDehydration and nutritionAA.I.F.K1jHypothermiaAA.I.F.K1kOptical illusionsAA.I.F.K1lDissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba divesAA.I.F.K2Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.AA.I.F.K3Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.AA.I.F.K4Components of self-assessment for determining fitness for flight.
Note: If K1 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant's knowledge of at least three sub-elements. See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task G. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (ATP)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge associated with regulations applicable to the privileges and limitations of the ATP certificate and to flight operations that require an ATP certificate.
References: 14 CFR parts 61, 91, 111, 117, 121, 135; 49 CFR part 830; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
AA.I.G.K114 CFR part 61, subparts A, B, and G.AA.I.G.K214 CFR part 91 subparts A, B, C, F, G, H.AA.I.G.K314 CFR part 117 (AMEL, AMES).AA.I.G.K414 CFR part 121 subparts A, G, K, M, O, T, U, V (AMEL, AMES).AA.I.G.K514 CFR part 135 subparts A, B, C, D, E, F, G (ASEL, ASES).AA.I.G.K649 CFR part 830.AA.I.G.K714 CFR part 111 subparts A, D.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task. See Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine Navigation (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with water and seaplane characteristics, seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine navigation.
References: AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; USCG Navigation Rules
AA.I.H.K1The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as:AA.I.H.K1aSize and locationAA.I.H.K1bProtected and unprotected areasAA.I.H.K1cSurface windAA.I.H.K1dDirection and strength of water currentAA.I.H.K1eFloating and partially submerged debrisAA.I.H.K1fSandbars, islands, and shoalsAA.I.H.K1gVessel traffic and wakesAA.I.H.K1hOther characteristics specific to the areaAA.I.H.K1iDirection and height of wavesAA.I.H.K2Float and hull construction, and its effect on seaplane performance.AA.I.H.K3Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action needed to prevent or correct these occurrences.AA.I.H.K4How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in directories.AA.I.H.K5Operating restrictions at various bases.AA.I.H.K6Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation.AA.I.H.K7Marine navigation aids, such as buoys, beacons, lights, sound signals, and range markers.AA.I.H.K8Naval vessel protection zones.AA.I.H.K9No wake zones.
AA.I.H.S1Explain how float and hull construction can affect seaplane performance.AA.I.H.S2Describe how to correct for porpoising and skipping.AA.I.H.S3Locate seaplane bases on charts or in directories and identify any restrictions.AA.I.H.S4Identify marine navigation aids.AA.I.H.S5Describe what naval vessel protection zones and no wake zones are.AA.I.H.S6Assess the water surface characteristics for the proposed flight.AA.I.H.S7Perform correct right-of-way, steering, and sailing operations.
›Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures5 tasks
Task A. Preflight Assessment
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with preparation for safe flight.
References: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 63, 71, 91, 97, 117, 119, 121, 135; AC 120-27, AC 120-60, AC 135-17, AIM, FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28; POH/AFM
AA.II.A.K1Pilot self-assessment.AA.II.A.K2Determining that the aircraft to be used is appropriate, airworthy, and in a condition for safe flight by locating and explaining related documents such as:AA.II.A.K2aAirworthiness and registration certificatesAA.II.A.K2bOperating limitations, handbooks, and manualsAA.II.A.K2cMinimum Equipment List (MEL) and Configuration Deviation List (CDL), Kinds of Operations Equipment Lists (KOEL)AA.II.A.K2dWeight and balance dataAA.II.A.K2eRequired inspections or tests and appropriate records and documentation (e.g., dispatch release) as applicable to the proposed flight or operationAA.II.A.K3Preventive maintenance that can be performed by the pilot or other designated crewmember.AA.II.A.K4Aircraft preflight inspection, including:AA.II.A.K4aWhich items should be inspectedAA.II.A.K4bThe reasons for checking each itemAA.II.A.K4cHow to detect possible defectsAA.II.A.K4dThe associated regulationsAA.II.A.K5Environmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.AA.II.A.K6Requirements for current and appropriate navigation data.AA.II.A.K7Operations specifications, management specifications, or letters of authorization applying to a particular aircraft and operation, if applicable.
AA.II.A.S1Inspect the aircraft in accordance with an appropriate checklist demonstrating proper operation of applicable airplane systems. Coordinate checklist with crew, if appropriate.AA.II.A.S2Coordinate with ground crew and ensure adequate clearance prior to moving doors, hatches, flight control surfaces, etc.AA.II.A.S3Document any discrepancies found; take corrective action and acknowledge limitations imposed by MEL/CDL items, if applicable.AA.II.A.S4Determine if the aircraft is airworthy and in condition for safe flight.AA.II.A.S5Identify and comply with operations specifications as required.AA.II.A.S6Assess factors related to the environment (weather, airports, terrain, airspace).AA.II.A.S7Ensure the airplane and surfaces are free of ice, snow, and frost. If icing conditions are present, demonstrate satisfactory knowledge of deicing procedures.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task B. Powerplant Start
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with powerplant start procedures.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.II.B.K1Normal and abnormal powerplant start procedures and limitations, including the use of an auxiliary power unit (APU) or external power source, if applicable.AA.II.B.K2Starting under various conditions.AA.II.B.K3Malfunctions during powerplant start, procedures to address the malfunction, and any associated limitations.AA.II.B.K4Coordinating and communicating with ground personnel for powerplant start, if applicable.
AA.II.B.R1Malfunctions during powerplant start.AA.II.B.R2Propeller and turbine powerplant safety.AA.II.B.R3Managing situations where specific instructions or checklist items are not published.AA.II.B.R4Personnel, vehicles, vessels, foreign object debris, and other aircraft in the vicinity during powerplant start.
AA.II.B.S1Ensure the ground safety procedures are followed during the before-start, start, and after-start phases.AA.II.B.S2Use appropriate ground crew personnel during the start procedures (if applicable).AA.II.B.S3Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to and after powerplant start.AA.II.B.S4Respond appropriately to an abnormal start or malfunction.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with safe taxi operations.
References: 14 CFR parts 91, 121, 135; AC 91-73, AC 120-57, AC 120-74; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; NOTAMs; POH/AFM
AA.II.C.K1Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).AA.II.C.K2Taxi instructions/clearances, including published taxi routes.AA.II.C.K3Airport markings, signs, and lights.AA.II.C.K4Appropriate aircraft lighting for day and night operations.AA.II.C.K5Push-back procedures, if applicable.AA.II.C.K6Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning, identifying the location of Hot Spots, and coordinating with crew if, applicable.AA.II.C.K7Communications at towered and nontowered airports.AA.II.C.K8Entering or crossing runways.AA.II.C.K9Night taxi operations.AA.II.C.K10Low visibility taxi operations and techniques used to avoid disorientation.AA.II.C.K11Single-Engine taxi procedures for (AMEL).
AA.II.C.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.II.C.R2Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.AA.II.C.R3A taxi route or departure runway change.AA.II.C.R4Partial completion of checklist(s).AA.II.C.R5Low visibility taxi operations.AA.II.C.R6Runway incursion.
AA.II.C.S1Receive/record taxi instructions, read back/acknowledge taxi clearances, and review taxi routes on the airport diagram.AA.II.C.S2Use an appropriate airport diagram or taxi chart, if published.AA.II.C.S3Comply with air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions and observe all runway hold lines, Instrument Landing System (ILS) critical areas, beacons, and other airport/taxiway markings and lighting.AA.II.C.S4Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to and during taxi, as appropriate.AA.II.C.S5Maintain situational awareness.AA.II.C.S6Maintain correct and positive airplane control, proper speed, appropriate use of wheel brakes and reverse thrust, and separation between other aircraft, vehicles, and persons to avoid an incursion/ incident/accident.AA.II.C.S7Demonstrate taxi during day and night operations. If either condition is not available, the applicant explains the differences between day and night taxi.AA.II.C.S8Demonstrate proper use of aircraft exterior lighting for day and night operations. If either condition is not available, the applicant explains the differences between exterior aircraft lighting used for day and night operations.AA.II.C.S9Explain the hazards of low visibility taxi operations.
Task D. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with safe taxi and sailing operations.
References: 14 CFR part 91, 121, 135; AC 91-73, AC 120-57, AC 120-74; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.II.D.K1Current airport/seaplane base aeronautical references and information resources, including Chart Supplements, airport diagram, and appropriate references.AA.II.D.K2Taxi instructions/clearances, if applicable.AA.II.D.K3Airport/seaplane base markings, signs, and lights.AA.II.D.K4Appropriate aircraft lighting for day and night operations.AA.II.D.K5Sailing elements and techniques and when sailing should be used.AA.II.D.K6Considerations for determining the most favorable sailing course.AA.II.D.K7Airport/seaplane base procedures, including:AA.II.D.K7aAppropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi or sailing, including route planning, and coordinating with crew, if applicableAA.II.D.K7bCommunications at towered and nontowered seaplane basesAA.II.D.K7cEntering or crossing runways (land operation)AA.II.D.K7dNight taxi and sailing operationsAA.II.D.K7eLow visibility taxi and sailing operations
AA.II.D.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.II.D.R2Porpoising and skipping.AA.II.D.R3Partial completion of checklist(s).AA.II.D.R4Low visibility taxi and sailing operations.AA.II.D.R5Other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.AA.II.D.R6Gear position in an amphibious airplane.AA.II.D.R7Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
AA.II.D.S1Receive/record taxi instructions, read back/acknowledge taxi clearances, and review taxi routes on the airport diagram.AA.II.D.S2Use an appropriate chart during taxi, if published.AA.II.D.S3Comply with ATC clearances, as appropriate, and seaplane base/airport/taxiway markings, signals and signs.AA.II.D.S4Depart the dock/mooring buoy or beach/ramp in a safe manner, considering wind, current, traffic, and hazards.AA.II.D.S5Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to and during taxi or sailing, as appropriate.AA.II.D.S6Maintain situational awareness.AA.II.D.S7Maintain correct and positive airplane control, proper speed, appropriate use of reverse thrust, and separation between other aircraft, vehicles, vessels, and persons to avoid an incursion or right-of-way violation.AA.II.D.S8Position the flight controls, flaps, doors, water rudders, and power correctly for the existing conditions to follow the desired course while sailing and to prevent or correct for porpoising and skipping during step taxi.AA.II.D.S9Use the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique.AA.II.D.S10Exhibit procedures for steering and maneuvering while maintaining proper situational awareness and desired orientation, path, and position.AA.II.D.S11Plan and follow the most favorable taxi or sailing course for current conditions.AA.II.D.S12Demonstrate taxi or sailing during day and night operations. If either condition is not available, the applicant explains the differences between day and night taxi or sailing.AA.II.D.S13Demonstrate proper use of aircraft exterior lighting for day and night operations. If either condition is not available, the applicant explains the differences between exterior aircraft lighting used for day and night operations.AA.II.D.S14Explain the hazards of low visibility taxi and sailing operations.
Task E. Before Takeoff Checks
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with before takeoff checks.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.II.E.K1Purpose of pre-takeoff checklist items, including:AA.II.E.K1aReasons for checking each itemAA.II.E.K1bDetecting malfunctionsAA.II.E.K1cEnsuring the aircraft is in safe operating conditionAA.II.E.K2Deicing and anti-icing procedures, holdover times, and pre-takeoff contamination check.AA.II.E.K3Adverse weather considerations for performance on takeoff (e.g., snow, ice, gusting crosswinds, lowvisibility).AA.II.E.K4Items to be included in a before takeoff briefing.
AA.II.E.R1Division of attention while conducting before takeoff checks.AA.II.E.R2An unexpected change in the runway to be used for departure.AA.II.E.R3Using performance data to set airspeeds and flight instruments for actual conditions and the departure runway.AA.II.E.R4Setting navigation and communication equipment for departure.AA.II.E.R5Configuring autopilot and flight director for departure.AA.II.E.R6Adverse weather conditions prior to takeoff (e.g., snow, ice, gusting crosswinds, low-visibility).AA.II.E.R7Potential powerplant failure during takeoff or other malfunction considering operational factors such as airplane characteristics, runway/takeoff path length, surface conditions, environmental conditions, and obstructions.
AA.II.E.S1Determine the airplane’s takeoff performance for actual conditions and planned departure runway or waterway.AA.II.E.S2Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely manner.AA.II.E.S3Determine all systems checked are within an acceptable operating range and are safe for the proposed flight. During the checks, explain at the request of the evaluator, any system operating characteristic or limitation and any corrective action for a malfunction.AA.II.E.S4Determine airspeeds/V-speeds and set flight instruments appropriately, configure flight director, autopilot, and navigation and communication equipment for the current flight conditions and takeoff and departure clearances.AA.II.E.S5Conduct a briefing that includes procedures for emergency and abnormal situations (e.g., powerplant failure, windshear), which may be encountered during takeoff, and state the planned action if they were to occur.AA.II.E.S6Obtain and correctly interpret the takeoff and departure clearance.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
›Area of Operation III. Takeoffs and Landings10 tasks
Task A. Normal Takeoff and Climb
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management and skills associated with a normal takeoff and climb.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.III.A.R1Selection of a runway, or runway intersection, based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.A.R2Wake turbulence.AA.III.A.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:AA.III.A.R3aRejected takeoffAA.III.A.R3bPotential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flightAA.III.A.R4Configuring or setting the aircraft (e.g., trim, flaps, autobrakes, etc.).AA.III.A.R5Collision hazards.AA.III.A.R6Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.A.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.A.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely manner.AA.III.A.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.A.S3Verify assigned/correct runway (ASEL, AMEL) or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).AA.III.A.S4Verify the airplane is configured for takeoff.AA.III.A.S5Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.AA.III.A.S6Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline (ASEL, AMEL) or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).AA.III.A.S7Retract the water rudders, as appropriate (ASES, AMES).AA.III.A.S8Establish and maintain the most efficient planing/lift-off attitude, and correct for porpoising or skipping (ASES, AMES).AA.III.A.S9Maintain centerline (ASEL, AMEL) and proper flight control inputs during the takeoff roll.AA.III.A.S10Confirm takeoff power and proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation making callouts, as appropriate, for the airplane or per the operator’s procedures.AA.III.A.S11Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s) (ASES, AMES).AA.III.A.S12Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed.AA.III.A.S13Establish a power setting and a pitch attitude to maintain the desired climb airspeed/V-speed, ±5 knots for each climb segment.AA.III.A.S14Maintain desired heading ±5°.AA.III.A.S15Retract the landing gear and flaps in accordance with manufacturer or operator procedures and limitations, as appropriate.AA.III.A.S16Avoid wake turbulence, if applicable.AA.III.A.S17Follow noise abatement procedures, as practicable.AA.III.A.S18Complete appropriate after takeoff checklist(s) in a timely manner.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing. See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task B. Normal Approach and Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a normal approach and landing.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; SAFO 17010, SAFO 19001
AA.III.B.R1Selection of a runway or approach path and touchdown area based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.B.R2Wake turbulence.AA.III.B.R3Go-around/rejected landing.AA.III.B.R4Land and hold short operations (LAHSO).AA.III.B.R5Collision hazards.AA.III.B.R6Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.B.R7Distractions, loss of situational awareness, incorrect airport surface approach and landing, or improper task management.
AA.III.B.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).AA.III.B.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.B.S3Maintain a ground track that ensures the desired traffic pattern flown takes into consideration obstructions and air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions.AA.III.B.S4Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface.AA.III.B.S5Scan the runway or landing surface and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.AA.III.B.S6Select a suitable touchdown point considering wind, landing surface, and obstructions.AA.III.B.S7Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, ±5 knots, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.AA.III.B.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.AA.III.B.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.AA.III.B.S10Touch down with the runway centerline between the main landing gear at the appropriate speed and pitch attitude at the runway aiming point markings -250/+500 feet, or where there are no runway markings 750 to 1,500 feet from the approach threshold of the runway (ASEL, AMEL).AA.III.B.S11During round out and touchdown contact the water at the proper pitch attitude within 200 feet beyond a specified point (ASES, AMES). In addition, for AMES, the touchdown is within the first one-third of the water landing area.AA.III.B.S12Decelerate to taxi speed (20 knots or less on dry pavement, 10 knots or less on contaminated pavement) to within the calculated landing distance plus 25% for the actual conditions with the runway centerline between the main landing gear (At least one landing) (ASEL, AMEL).AA.III.B.S13Use spoilers, prop reverse, thrust reverse, wheel brakes, and other drag/braking devices, as appropriate to safely slow the airplane. (At least one landing to a full stop).AA.III.B.S14Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.AA.III.B.S15Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing. See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with glassy water takeoff and climb.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.III.C.R1Selection of the takeoff path based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.C.R2Abnormal operations, including planning for:AA.III.C.R2aRejected takeoffAA.III.C.R2bPotential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flightAA.III.C.R3Collision hazards.AA.III.C.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.C.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.III.C.R6Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AA.III.C.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely manner.AA.III.C.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.C.S3Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.AA.III.C.S4Verify the airplane is configured for takeoff.AA.III.C.S5Clear the area; select appropriate takeoff path considering surface conditions and collision hazards.AA.III.C.S6Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.AA.III.C.S7Set and confirm takeoff power.AA.III.C.S8Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).AA.III.C.S9Maintain directional control throughout takeoff and climb.AA.III.C.S10Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag.AA.III.C.S11Utilize appropriate techniques to lift seaplane from the water considering surface conditions.AA.III.C.S12Adjust power, as appropriate, and establish a pitch attitude to maintain the appropriate climb airspeed/ V-speed, ±5 knots for each climb segment.AA.III.C.S13Retract flaps after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with manufacturer or operator procedures and limitations, as appropriate.AA.III.C.S14Follow noise abatement procedures, as practicable.
Note: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant must be evaluated by simulating the Task. See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task D. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with glassy water approach and landing.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.III.D.K1A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.AA.III.D.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.AA.III.D.K3Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.AA.III.D.K4When and why glassy water techniques are used.AA.III.D.K5How a glassy water approach and landing is executed.
AA.III.D.R1Selection of the approach path and touchdown area based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.D.R2Go-around/rejected landing.AA.III.D.R3Collision hazards.AA.III.D.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.D.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.III.D.R6Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AA.III.D.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).AA.III.D.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.D.S3Ensure that the landing gear and water rudders are retracted, if applicable.AA.III.D.S4Consider the landing surface, visual attitude references, water depth, and collision hazards and select the proper approach and landing path.AA.III.D.S5Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.AA.III.D.S6Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, ±5 knots.AA.III.D.S7Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.AA.III.D.S8Maintain directional control throughout the approach and landing.AA.III.D.S9Contact the water in a proper pitch attitude, and slow to idle taxi speed.
Note: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant must be evaluated by simulating the Task. See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task E. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with rough water takeoff and climb.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.III.E.R1Selection of the takeoff path based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.E.R2Abnormal operations, including planning for:AA.III.E.R2aRejected takeoffAA.III.E.R2bPotential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flightAA.III.E.R3Collision hazards.AA.III.E.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.E.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.III.E.R6Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AA.III.E.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely manner.AA.III.E.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.E.S3Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.AA.III.E.S4Verify the airplane is configured for takeoff.AA.III.E.S5Clear the area; select appropriate takeoff path considering surface conditions and collision hazards.AA.III.E.S6Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.AA.III.E.S7Set and confirm takeoff power.AA.III.E.S8Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).AA.III.E.S9Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.AA.III.E.S10Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag.AA.III.E.S11Establish proper attitude and airspeed, lift off at minimum airspeed and accelerate to appropriate climb airspeed/V-speed, ±5 knots before leaving ground effect.AA.III.E.S12Retract the flaps after a positive rate of climb is established and a safe altitude has been achieved.AA.III.E.S13Maintain takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude then set climb power.AA.III.E.S14Follow noise abatement procedures, as practicable.
Note: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant must be evaluated by simulating the Task. See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task F. Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with rough water approach and landing.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.III.F.K1A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.AA.III.F.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.AA.III.F.K3Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.AA.III.F.K4When and why rough water techniques are used.AA.III.F.K5How to perform a proper rough water approach and landing.
AA.III.F.R1Selection of the approach path and touchdown area based on airplane limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.F.R2Go-around/rejected landing.AA.III.F.R3Collision hazards.AA.III.F.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.F.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.III.F.R6Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AA.III.F.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).AA.III.F.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.F.S3Ensure that the landing gear and water rudders are retracted, if applicable.AA.III.F.S4Consider the landing surface, visual attitude references, water depth, and collision hazards and select the proper approach and landing path.AA.III.F.S5Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.AA.III.F.S6Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed with gust factor applied, ±5 knots.AA.III.F.S7Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.AA.III.F.S8Contact the water at the correct pitch attitude and touchdown speed.AA.III.F.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control application during the landing while remaining alert for a go-around should conditions be too rough.AA.III.F.S10Maintain positive after-landing control.
Note: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant must be evaluated by simulating the Task. See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task G. Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with confined area takeoff and maximum performance climb.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.III.G.K1Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.AA.III.G.K2Appropriate power settings and V-speeds for takeoff and climb.AA.III.G.K3Appropriate airplane configuration.AA.III.G.K4Effects of water surface.AA.III.G.K5Available techniques for confined-area takeoff and climb.
AA.III.G.R1Selection of the takeoff path based on airplane limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.G.R2Abnormal operations, including planning for:AA.III.G.R2aRejected takeoffAA.III.G.R2bPotential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flightAA.III.G.R3Collision hazards.AA.III.G.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.G.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.III.G.R6Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AA.III.G.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely manner.AA.III.G.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.G.S3Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.AA.III.G.S4Verify the airplane is configured for takeoff.AA.III.G.S5Clear the area; select appropriate takeoff path considering surface conditions and collision hazards.AA.III.G.S6Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.AA.III.G.S7Set and confirm takeoff power.AA.III.G.S8Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).AA.III.G.S9Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.AA.III.G.S10Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag.AA.III.G.S11Rotate and lift off at the appropriate airspeed, and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX using appropriate bank angles to maintain terrain clearance, as needed.AA.III.G.S12Climb at the recommended airspeed or in its absence at best angle-of-climb speed (VX), +5/-0 knots until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface. In multiengine airplanes with VX values within 5 knots of minimum control speed (VMC), the use of best rate of climb speed (VY) or the manufacturer's recommendation is acceptable.AA.III.G.S13After clearing all obstacles, accelerate to VY ±5 knots.AA.III.G.S14Retract flaps and adjust power as needed to maintain VY or appropriate climb airspeed, ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.AA.III.G.S15Follow noise abatement procedures, as practicable.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task H. Confined Area Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with confined area approach and landing.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.III.H.K1A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.AA.III.H.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.AA.III.H.K3Available techniques for confined-area approach and landing.AA.III.H.K4Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AA.III.H.R1Selection of the approach path and touchdown area based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.H.R2Go-around/rejected landing.AA.III.H.R3Collision hazards.AA.III.H.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.H.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.III.H.R6Gear position in an amphibious airplane.AA.III.H.R7Landing in an area or in conditions where a takeoff/climb may not be possible.
AA.III.H.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).AA.III.H.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.H.S3Ensure that the landing gear and water rudders are retracted, if applicable.AA.III.H.S4Consider the landing surface, visual attitude references, water depth, and collision hazards and select the proper approach and landing path.AA.III.H.S5Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.AA.III.H.S6Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed with gust factor applied, ±5 knots.AA.III.H.S7Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.AA.III.H.S8Touch down smoothly at the recommended airspeed and pitch attitude, beyond and within 100 feet of a specified point/area.AA.III.H.S9Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task I. Rejected Takeoff
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a rejected takeoff.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.III.I.K1Conditions and situations that could warrant a rejected takeoff (e.g., takeoff warning systems, powerplant failure, other systems warning/failure).AA.III.I.K2Safety considerations following a rejected takeoff.AA.III.I.K3The procedure for accomplishing a rejected takeoff.AA.III.I.K4Accelerate/stop distance.AA.III.I.K5Relevant V-speeds for a rejected takeoff.
AA.III.I.R1Selection of the takeoff path based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.III.I.R2A powerplant failure or other malfunction during takeoff.AA.III.I.R3Directional control following a rejected takeoff.AA.III.I.R4A rejected takeoff with inadequate stopping distance.AA.III.I.R5High-speed rejected takeoff.AA.III.I.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.III.I.S1Reject the takeoff if the powerplant failure occurs prior to becoming airborne (ASEL, ASES).AA.III.I.S2Reject the takeoff if the powerplant failure occurs at a point during the takeoff where the rejected takeoff procedure can be initiated and the airplane can be safely stopped on the remaining runway/ waterway (AMEL, AMES).AA.III.I.S3Promptly reduce the power and maintain positive aircraft control using drag and braking devices, as appropriate, to come to a stop.AA.III.I.S4Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate procedures, checklist(s), and radio calls following a rejected takeoff in a timely manner.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task J. Go-Around/Rejected Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a go-around/rejected landing.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/ AFM
AA.III.J.K1A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.AA.III.J.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and density altitude, on a go-around or rejected landing.AA.III.J.K3Wind correction techniques on takeoff/departure and approach/landing.AA.III.J.K4Situations and considerations on approach that could require a go-around/rejected landing, including the inability to comply with a LAHSO clearance.AA.III.J.K5Go-around/rejected landing procedures, the importance of a timely decision, and appropriate airspeed/ V-speeds for the maneuver.
AA.III.J.R1Delayed recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected landing.AA.III.J.R2Delayed performance of a go-around at low altitude.AA.III.J.R3Power application.AA.III.J.R4Configuring the airplane.AA.III.J.R5Collision hazards.AA.III.J.R6Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.III.J.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.III.J.R8Managing a go-around/rejected landing after accepting a LAHSO clearance.
AA.III.J.S1Make a timely decision to go-around/reject the landing.AA.III.J.S2Apply the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establish a pitch attitude necessary to obtain the desired performance.AA.III.J.S3Establish a positive rate of climb and the appropriate airspeed/V-speed, ±5 knots.AA.III.J.S4Configure and trim the airplane, when appropriate.AA.III.J.S5Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.III.J.S6Maintain the ground track, heading, or course appropriate for the conditions, or as specified by ATC or the evaluator.AA.III.J.S7Complete the appropriate procedures and checklist(s) in a timely manner.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
›Area of Operation IV. In-flight Maneuvers3 tasks
Task A. Steep Turns
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with steep turns.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
AA.IV.A.K1Energy management concepts.AA.IV.A.K2Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:AA.IV.A.K2aMaintaining coordinated flightAA.IV.A.K2bOverbanking tendenciesAA.IV.A.K2cManeuvering speed, including the impact of weight changesAA.IV.A.K2dLoad factor and accelerated stallsAA.IV.A.K2eRate and radius of turn
AA.IV.A.R1Spatial disorientation when conducting a steep turn while flying by reference to instruments.AA.IV.A.R2Collision hazards including aircraft and terrain.AA.IV.A.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.IV.A.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.IV.A.R5Uncoordinated flight.
AA.IV.A.S1Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).AA.IV.A.S2Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).AA.IV.A.S3Establish at least a 45° bank solely by reference to instruments and make a coordinated steep turn of at least 180°, as specified by the evaluator.AA.IV.A.S4Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator.AA.IV.A.S5Make smooth pitch, bank, and power adjustments as needed.AA.IV.A.S6Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the specified heading, ±10°.AA.IV.A.S7Avoid any indication of an impending stall, abnormal flight attitude, or exceeding any structural or operating limitation during any part of the Task.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task B. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with recovering from unusual flight attitudes solely by reference to instruments.
References: AC 120-111; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
AA.IV.B.K1Procedures for recovery from unusual flight attitudes.AA.IV.B.K2Unusual flight attitude causal factors, including physiological factors, system and equipment failures, and environmental factors.AA.IV.B.K3The operating envelope and structural limitations for the aircraft.AA.IV.B.K4Effects of engine location, wing design, and other specific design characteristics that could affect aircraft control during the recovery.
AA.IV.B.R1Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).AA.IV.B.R2[Archived]AA.IV.B.R3Operating envelope considerations.AA.IV.B.R4Interpreting flight instruments.AA.IV.B.R5Assessment of the unusual attitude.AA.IV.B.R6Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.AA.IV.B.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.AA.IV.B.R8Collision hazards.AA.IV.B.R9Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Task C. Specific Flight Characteristics
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with flight and performance characteristics unique to a specific aircraft type.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
›Area of Operation V. Stall Prevention3 tasks
Task A. Partial Flap Configuration Stall Prevention
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with stalls in a partial flap configuration.
References: AC 61-67, AC 120-109; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
AA.V.A.K1Aerodynamics associated with stalls in a partial flap configuration, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and balance, aircraft attitude, and sideslip effects.AA.V.A.K2Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.AA.V.A.K3Factors and situations that can lead to a stall during takeoff or while on approach and actions that can be taken to prevent it.AA.V.A.K4Effects of autoflight, flight envelope protection in normal and degraded modes, and unexpected disconnects of the autopilot or autothrottle/autothrust, if applicable to the aircraft used for the evaluation.AA.V.A.K5Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AA.V.A.R1Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent stall, spin, and loss of control during takeoff or while on approach.AA.V.A.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).AA.V.A.R3Stall warning awareness.AA.V.A.R4Stall recovery procedure.AA.V.A.R5Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, elevator trim stalls, and cross-control stalls.AA.V.A.R6Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance while in a partial flap configuration as it relates to stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).AA.V.A.R7Collision hazards including aircraft and terrain.AA.V.A.R8Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.V.A.S1Clear the area and select an entry altitude that allows the recovery to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL) (non-transport category airplanes) or 5,000 feet AGL (transport category airplanes).AA.V.A.S2[Archived]AA.V.A.S3Establish the takeoff or approach configuration (partial flap), as specified by the evaluator, and maintain coordinated flight in simulated or actual instrument conditions throughout the maneuver.AA.V.A.S4Either manually or with the autopilot engaged, smoothly adjust pitch attitude, bank angle (15°-30°), and power setting in accordance with evaluator’s instructions to an impending stall.AA.V.A.S5Acknowledge the cue(s) and promptly recover at the first indication of an impending stall (e.g., buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).AA.V.A.S6Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Flight Manual (FM).AA.V.A.S7Retract the flaps or other lift/drag devices to the recommended setting, if applicable; retract the landing gear after a positive rate of climb is established, if applicable; and return to the desired flight path as specified by the evaluator.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task B. Clean Configuration Stall Prevention
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with stalls in a clean configuration.
References: AC 61-67, AC 120-109; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
AA.V.B.K1Aerodynamics associated with stalls in a clean configuration, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and balance, and aircraft attitude.AA.V.B.K2Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.AA.V.B.K3Factors and situations that can lead to a stall during cruise flight and actions that can be taken to prevent it.AA.V.B.K4Effects of autoflight, flight envelope protection in normal and degraded modes, and unexpected disconnects of the autopilot or autothrottle/autothrust, if applicable to the aircraft used for the evaluation.AA.V.B.K5Fundamentals of stall recovery.AA.V.B.K6Effects of altitude on performance (e.g., thrust available) and flight control effectiveness during a recovery.
AA.V.B.R1Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent stall, spin, and loss of control during cruise flight.AA.V.B.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).AA.V.B.R3Stall warning awareness.AA.V.B.R4Stall recovery procedure.AA.V.B.R5Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, elevator trim stalls, and cross-control stalls.AA.V.B.R6Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance while in cruise flight as it relates to stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).AA.V.B.R7Collision hazards including aircraft and terrain.AA.V.B.R8Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.V.B.S1Clear the area and select an entry altitude that allows the recovery to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL) (non-transport category airplanes) or 5,000 feet AGL (transport category airplanes).AA.V.B.S2[Archived]AA.V.B.S3While in cruise flight, maintain coordinated flight in simulated or actual instrument conditions throughout the maneuver.AA.V.B.S4Either manually or with the autopilot engaged, smoothly adjust pitch attitude, bank angle (15°-30°), and power setting in accordance with evaluator’s instructions to an impending stall.AA.V.B.S5Acknowledge the cue(s) and promptly recover at the first indication of an impending stall (e.g., buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).AA.V.B.S6Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Flight Manual (FM).AA.V.B.S7Return to the desired flight path as specified by the evaluator.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Landing Configuration Stall Prevention
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with stalls in the landing configuration
References: AC 61-67, AC 120-109; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
AA.V.C.K1Aerodynamics associated with stalls in the landing configuration, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and balance, aircraft attitude, and sideslip effects.AA.V.C.K2Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.AA.V.C.K3Factors and situations that can lead to a stall when configured for landing and actions that can be taken to prevent it.AA.V.C.K4Effects of autoflight, flight envelope protection in normal and degraded modes, and unexpected disconnects of the autopilot or autothrottle/autothrust, if applicable to the aircraft used for the evaluation.AA.V.C.K5Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AA.V.C.R1Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent stall, spin, and loss of control during landing.AA.V.C.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).AA.V.C.R3Stall warning awareness.AA.V.C.R4Stall recovery procedure.AA.V.C.R5Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, elevator trim stalls, and cross-control stalls.AA.V.C.R6Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance while landing as it relates to stalls (e.g., turbulence, icing, microbursts, and high-density altitude).AA.V.C.R7Stalls at a low altitude.AA.V.C.R8Collision hazards, including aircraft and terrain.AA.V.C.R9Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.V.C.S1Clear the area and select an entry altitude that allows the recovery to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL) (non-transport category airplanes) or 5,000 feet AGL (transport category airplanes).AA.V.C.S2[Archived]AA.V.C.S3Establish the landing configuration (i.e., lift/drag devices set and landing gear extended) and maintain coordinated flight in simulated or actual instrument conditions throughout the maneuver.AA.V.C.S4Either manually or with the autopilot engaged, smoothly adjust pitch attitude, bank angle (15°-30°), and power setting in accordance with evaluator’s instructions to an impending stall.AA.V.C.S5Acknowledge the cue(s) and promptly recover at the first indication of an impending stall (e.g., buffet, stall horn, stick shaker, etc.).AA.V.C.S6Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Flight Manual (FM).AA.V.C.S7Retract the flaps or other lift/drag devices to the recommended setting, if applicable; retract the landing gear after a positive rate of climb is established, if applicable; and return to the desired flight path as specified by the evaluator.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
›Area of Operation VI. Instrument Procedures10 tasks
Task A. Instrument Takeoff
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with an instrument takeoff.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VI.A.R1Selection of a runway based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, surface conditions, lighting, and wind.AA.VI.A.R2Wake turbulence.AA.VI.A.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:AA.VI.A.R3aRejected takeoffAA.VI.A.R3bPotential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight with the ceiling or visibility below the minimums for an instrument approach at departure airportAA.VI.A.R4Collision hazards.AA.VI.A.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VI.A.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VI.A.S1Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) prior to takeoff in a timely manner.AA.VI.A.S2Properly set the applicable avionics and flight instruments prior to initiating the takeoff.AA.VI.A.S3Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.VI.A.S4Verify assigned/correct runway (ASEL, AMEL) or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).AA.VI.A.S5Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.AA.VI.A.S6Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline (ASEL, AMEL) or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).AA.VI.A.S7Perform an instrument takeoff with instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) simulated at or before reaching an altitude of 100 feet above ground level (AGL). If accomplished in a full flight simulator, visibility should be no greater than ¼ mile, or as specified by applicable operations specifications, whichever is lower.AA.VI.A.S8Maintain centerline (ASEL, AMEL) and proper flight control inputs during the takeoff roll.AA.VI.A.S9Confirm takeoff power and proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation making callouts, as appropriate, for the airplane or per the operator’s procedures.AA.VI.A.S10Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed, establish the desired pitch attitude, and accelerate to the desired airspeed/V-speed.AA.VI.A.S11Transition smoothly from visual meteorological conditions (VM*C) to actual or simulated instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).AA.VI.A.S12Maintain desired heading ±5° and desired airspeeds ±5 knots.AA.VI.A.S13Comply with air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions issued by ATC or the evaluator, as appropriate.AA.VI.A.S14Complete appropriate after takeoff checklist(s) in a timely manner.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task B. Departure Procedures
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with instrument departure procedures (DPs).
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 90-100; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VI.B.K1Takeoff minimums; (Obstacle) Departure Procedure (ODP), including Visual Climb over the Airport (VCOA) and Diverse Vector Area (Radar Vectors); Standard Instrument Departure (SID), including Area Navigation (RNAV) departure; required climb gradients; U.S. Terminal Procedures Publications; and En Route Charts.AA.VI.B.K2Use of a Flight Management System (FMS) or Global Positioning System (GPS) to follow a DP.AA.VI.B.K3Pilot/controller responsibilities, communication procedures, and ATC services available to pilots.AA.VI.B.K4Two-way radio communication failure procedures after takeoff.AA.VI.B.K5Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).
AA.VI.B.S1Select the appropriate instrument departure procedure. Then select, identify (as necessary), and use the appropriate communication and navigation facilities associated with the procedure.AA.VI.B.S2Program the FMS prior to departure and set avionics, including flight director and autopilot controls, as appropriate, for the departure, if applicable.AA.VI.B.S3Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VI.B.S4Use current and appropriate navigation publications or databases for the proposed flight.AA.VI.B.S5Establish two-way communications with the proper controlling agency, use proper phraseology, comply, in a timely manner, with all ATC instructions and airspace restrictions, and exhibit adequate knowledge of communication failure procedures.AA.VI.B.S6Intercept all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, clearance, or as directed by the evaluator in a timely manner.AA.VI.B.S7Comply with all applicable charted procedures.AA.VI.B.S8Maintain the appropriate airspeed ±10 knots, headings ±10°, and altitude ±100 feet, and accurately track a course, radial, or bearing.AA.VI.B.S9Conduct the departure phase to a point where, in the opinion of the evaluator, the transition to the en route environment is complete.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Arrival Procedures
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) arrival procedures.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 90-100; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; IFR Enroute Charts; POH/AFM; STARs; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VI.C.K1Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) charts, U.S. Terminal Procedures Publications, and IFR En Route High and Low Altitude Charts.AA.VI.C.K2Use of a Flight Management System (FMS) or GPS to follow a STAR.AA.VI.C.K3Pilot/controller responsibilities, communication procedures, and ATC services available to pilots.AA.VI.C.K4Two-way radio communication failure procedures during an arrival.AA.VI.C.K5Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).
AA.VI.C.R1ATC communications and compliance with published procedures.AA.VI.C.R2Limitations of traffic avoidance equipment.AA.VI.C.R3Responsibility to use "see and avoid" techniques when possible.AA.VI.C.R4Automation management.AA.VI.C.R5ATC instructions that modify an arrival or discontinue/resume the aircraft's lateral or vertical navigation on an arrival.
AA.VI.C.S1In actual or simulated instrument conditions, select, identify (as necessary) and use the appropriate communication and navigation facilities associated with the arrival.AA.VI.C.S2Set FMS and avionics, including flight director and autopilot controls for the arrival, if applicable.AA.VI.C.S3Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VI.C.S4Use current and appropriate navigation publications or databases for the proposed flight.AA.VI.C.S5Establish two-way communications with the proper controlling agency, use proper phraseology and comply, in a timely manner, with all ATC instructions and airspace restrictions as well as exhibit adequate knowledge of communication failure procedures.AA.VI.C.S6Intercept all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, clearance, or as directed by the evaluator in a timely manner.AA.VI.C.S7Comply with all applicable charted procedures.AA.VI.C.S8Adhere to airspeed restrictions required by regulation, procedure, aircraft limitation, ATC, or the evaluator.AA.VI.C.S9Establish rates of descent consistent with the route segment, airplane operating characteristics and safety.AA.VI.C.S10Maintain the appropriate airspeed/V-speed ±10 knots, but not less than reference landing approach speed (VREF) if applicable, heading ±10°, altitude ±100 feet, and accurately track radials, courses, and bearings.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task D. Non-precision Approaches
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with performing non-precision approach procedures.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 120-108; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VI.D.K1Procedures and limitations associated with a non-precision approach, including the differences between Localizer Performance (LP) and Lateral Navigation (LNAV) approach guidance.AA.VI.D.K2Navigation system displays and annunciations, modes of operation, and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) lateral accuracy values associated with an RNAV (GPS) approach.AA.VI.D.K3Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).AA.VI.D.K4A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AA.VI.D.R1Deviating from the assigned approach procedure.AA.VI.D.R2Selecting a navigation frequency.AA.VI.D.R3Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.AA.VI.D.R4Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.AA.VI.D.R5An unstable approach, including excessive descent rates.AA.VI.D.R6Deteriorating weather conditions on approach.AA.VI.D.R7Operating below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) without proper visual references.
AA.VI.D.S1Accomplish the non-precision instrument approaches selected by the evaluator.AA.VI.D.S2Establish two-way communications with air traffic control (ATC) appropriate for the phase of flight or approach segment, and use proper communication phraseology.AA.VI.D.S3Select, tune, identify, and confirm the operational status of navigation equipment to be used for the approach.AA.VI.D.S4Comply with all clearances issued by ATC or the evaluator.AA.VI.D.S5Recognize if any flight instrumentation is inaccurate or inoperative, and take appropriate action.AA.VI.D.S6Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.AA.VI.D.S7Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VI.D.S8Establish the appropriate airplane configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and operating conditions.AA.VI.D.S9Maintain altitude ±100 feet, selected heading ±5°, airspeed ±10 knots, and accurately track radials, courses, and bearings, prior to beginning the final approach segment.AA.VI.D.S10Adjust the published MDA/Derived Decision Altitude (DDA) and visibility criteria for the aircraft approach category, as appropriate, for factors that include Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs), inoperative aircraft or navigation equipment, or inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment, etc.AA.VI.D.S11Establish a stabilized descent to the appropriate altitude.AA.VI.D.S12For the final approach segment, maintain no more than ¼ scale course deviation indicator (CDI) deflection, airspeed ±5 knots of selected value, and altitude above MDA +50/-0 feet [to the visual descent point (VDP) or missed approach point (MAP)].AA.VI.D.S13Execute the missed approach procedure if the required visual references are not distinctly visible and identifiable at the appropriate point or altitude for the approach profile; or execute a normal landing from a straight-in or circling approach.AA.VI.D.S14Use a Multi-Function Display (MFD) and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position, track wind drift and other parameters to maintain desired flightpath.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task E. Precision Approaches
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with performing precision approach procedures.
References: 14 CFR parts 91, 97; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VI.E.K1Procedures and limitations associated with a precision approach, including determining required descent rates and adjusting minimums in the case of inoperative equipment.AA.VI.E.K2Navigation system displays, annunciations, and modes of operation.AA.VI.E.K3Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).AA.VI.E.K4A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AA.VI.E.R1Deviating from the assigned approach procedure.AA.VI.E.R2Selecting a navigation frequency.AA.VI.E.R3Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.AA.VI.E.R4Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.AA.VI.E.R5An unstable approach, including excessive descent rates.AA.VI.E.R6Deteriorating weather conditions on approach.AA.VI.E.R7Continuing to descend below the Decision Altitude (DA)/Decision Height (DH) when the required visual references are not visible.
AA.VI.E.S1Accomplish the precision instrument approaches selected by the evaluator.AA.VI.E.S2Establish two-way communications with air traffic control (ATC) appropriate for the phase of flight or approach segment, and use proper communication phraseology.AA.VI.E.S3Select, tune, identify, and confirm the operational status of navigation equipment to be used for the approach.AA.VI.E.S4Comply in a timely manner with all clearances, instructions, and procedures.AA.VI.E.S5Recognize if any flight instrumentation is inaccurate or inoperative, and take appropriate action.AA.VI.E.S6Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.AA.VI.E.S7Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VI.E.S8Establish the appropriate airplane configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and operating conditions.AA.VI.E.S9Maintain altitude ±100 feet, selected heading ±5°, airspeed ±10 knots, and accurately track radials, courses, and bearings, prior to beginning the final approach segment.AA.VI.E.S10Adjust the published DA/DH and visibility criteria for the aircraft approach category, as appropriate, to account for NOTAMS, inoperative airplane or navigation equipment, or inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment.AA.VI.E.S11Establish a predetermined rate of descent at the point where vertical guidance begins, which approximates that required for the aircraft to follow the vertical guidance.AA.VI.E.S12Maintain a stabilized final approach from the Final Approach Fix (FAF) to DA/DH allowing no more than ¼-scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral guidance indications and maintain the desired airspeed ±5 knots.AA.VI.E.S13Upon reaching the DA/DH, immediately initiate the missed approach procedures if the required visual references for the runway are not distinctly visible and identifiable (or if in a seaplane); or transition to a normal landing approach only when the aircraft is in a position from which a descent to a landing on the runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvering.AA.VI.E.S14Use an MFD and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position, track wind drift and other parameters to maintain desired flightpath.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task F. Landing from a Precision Approach
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with performing the procedures for a landing from a precision approach.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; SAFO 19001
AA.VI.F.R1Selection of an approach procedure and runway based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.VI.F.R2Wake turbulence.AA.VI.F.R3[Archived]AA.VI.F.R3a[Archived]AA.VI.F.R3b[Archived]AA.VI.F.R4Collision hazards.AA.VI.F.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VI.F.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.VI.F.R7Attempting to land from an unstable approach.AA.VI.F.R8Flying below the glidepath.AA.VI.F.R9Transitioning from instrument to visual references for landing.AA.VI.F.R10Missed Approach.AA.VI.F.R11Land and hold short operations (LAHSO).
AA.VI.F.S1Maintain the desired airspeed, ±5 knots, and vertical and lateral guidance within ¼-scale deflection of the indicators during the descent from DA/DH to a point where visual maneuvering is used to accomplish a normal landing.AA.VI.F.S2Adhere to all ATC or evaluator advisories, such as NOTAMs, windshear, wake turbulence, runway surface, braking conditions, and other operational considerations.AA.VI.F.S3Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VI.F.S4Touch down at the aiming point markings, -250/+500 feet, or where there are no runway aiming point markings, 750 to 1,500 feet, from the approach threshold of the runway.AA.VI.F.S5Maintain positive airplane control throughout the landing using drag and braking devices, as appropriate, to come to a stop.AA.VI.F.S6Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.AA.VI.F.S7Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task. For non-amphibious seaplanes, this task applies only when the applicant has immediate access to an instrument approach to a waterway.
Task G. Circling Approach
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with performing a circling approach procedure.
References: 14 CFR parts 91, 97; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VI.G.R1Prescribed circling approach procedures.AA.VI.G.R2Executing a circling approach at night or with marginal visibility.AA.VI.G.R3Losing visual contact with an identifiable part of the airport.AA.VI.G.R4Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.AA.VI.G.R5Control of altitude, airspeed, and distance while circling.AA.VI.G.R6Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VI.G.R7Executing a missed approach after the MAP while circling.
AA.VI.G.S1Comply with the circling approach procedure considering turbulence, windshear, and the maneuvering capability and approach category of the aircraft.AA.VI.G.S2Confirm the direction of traffic and adhere to all restrictions and instructions issued by ATC or the evaluator.AA.VI.G.S3Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VI.G.S4Establish the approach and landing configuration. Maintain a stabilized approach and a descent rate that ensures arrival at the MDA, or the preselected circling altitude above the MDA, prior to the missed approach point.AA.VI.G.S5Maintain airspeed ±5 knots, desired heading/track ±5°, and altitude +100/-0 feet until descending below the MDA or the preselected circling altitude above the MDA.AA.VI.G.S6Visually maneuver to a base or downwind leg appropriate for the landing runway and environmental conditions.AA.VI.G.S7If a missed approach occurs, turn in the appropriate direction using the correct procedure and appropriately configure the airplane.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task H. Landing from a Circling Approach
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with performing the procedures for a landing from a circling approach.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; SAFO 19001
AA.VI.H.R1Selection of an approach procedure and runway based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.VI.H.R2Wake turbulence.AA.VI.H.R3[Archived]AA.VI.H.R3a[Archived]AA.VI.H.R3b[Archived]AA.VI.H.R4Collision hazards.AA.VI.H.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VI.H.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.VI.H.R7Attempting to land from an unstable approach.AA.VI.H.R8Missed Approach.AA.VI.H.R9Land and hold short operations (LAHSO).
AA.VI.H.S1Keep the airport environment in sight and remain within the circling approach radius applicable to the approach category to a position from which a stabilized descent to landing can be made.AA.VI.H.S2Adhere to all ATC or evaluator advisories, such as NOTAMs, windshear, wake turbulence, runway surface, braking conditions, and other operational considerations.AA.VI.H.S3Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VI.H.S4Aligns the airplane for a normal landing on the selected runway without excessive maneuvering and without exceeding the normal operating limits of the airplane. The angle of bank should not exceed 30°.AA.VI.H.S5Make smooth, timely, and correct control application throughout the circling maneuver and maintain appropriate airspeed, ±5 knots. If applicable, maintain altitude +100/−0 feet, and desired heading/ track, ±5°.AA.VI.H.S6Ensure the airplane is configured for landing.AA.VI.H.S7Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions. (ASEL, AMEL).AA.VI.H.S8Touch down at the aiming point markings - 250/+500 feet, or where there are no runway aiming point markings 750 to 1,500 feet from the approach threshold of the runway.AA.VI.H.S9Maintain positive aircraft control throughout the landing using drag and braking devices, as appropriate, to come to a stop.AA.VI.H.S10Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.AA.VI.H.S11Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task I. Missed Approaches
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with performing a missed approach procedure.
References: 14 CFR parts 91, 97; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VI.I.R1Deviations from prescribed procedures or ATC instructions.AA.VI.I.R2Holding, diverting, or electing to fly the approach again.AA.VI.I.R3Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.AA.VI.I.R4Factors that might lead to executing a missed approach procedure before the MAP or to a go-around below DA, DH, or MDA, as applicable.AA.VI.I.R5Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
AA.VI.I.S1Promptly initiate the missed approach procedure and report it to ATC.AA.VI.I.S2Apply the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establish a pitch attitude necessary to obtain the desired performance.AA.VI.I.S3Retract the wing flaps/drag devices and landing gear, if appropriate, in the correct sequence and at a safe altitude, and establish a positive rate of climb and the appropriate airspeed/V-speed, ±5 knots.AA.VI.I.S4Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate procedures and checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VI.I.S5Comply with the published or alternate missed approach procedure.AA.VI.I.S6Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance, restriction, or climb gradient.AA.VI.I.S7Maintain the heading, course, or bearing ±5°, and altitude(s) ±100 feet during the missed approach procedure.AA.VI.I.S8Use an MFD and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position and track to help navigate the missed approach.AA.VI.I.S9Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.AA.VI.I.S10Re-engage autopilot (if installed) at appropriate times during the missed approach procedure.AA.VI.I.S11Request ATC clearance to attempt another approach, proceed to the alternate airport, holding fix, or other clearance limit, as appropriate, or as directed by the evaluator.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task J. Holding Procedures
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with holding procedures.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-74; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VI.J.K1Elements related to holding procedures, including reporting criteria, appropriate speeds, and recommended entry procedures for standard, nonstandard, published, and non-published holding patterns.AA.VI.J.K2Determining holding endurance based upon factors, including an expect further clearance (EFC) time, fuel on board, fuel flow while holding, fuel required to destination and alternate, etc., as appropriate.AA.VI.J.K3When to declare minimum fuel or a fuel-related emergency.AA.VI.J.K4Use of automation for holding, including autopilot and flight management systems, if equipped.
AA.VI.J.R1Recalculating fuel reserves if assigned an unanticipated expect further clearance (EFC) time.AA.VI.J.R2Scenarios and circumstances that could result in minimum fuel or the need to declare an emergency.AA.VI.J.R3Scenarios that could lead to holding, including deteriorating weather at the planned destination.AA.VI.J.R4Holding entry and wind correction while holding.AA.VI.J.R5Holding while in icing conditions.AA.VI.J.R6Automation management.
AA.VI.J.S1Correctly identify instrument navigation aids associated with the assigned hold.AA.VI.J.S2Use an entry procedure appropriate for a standard, nonstandard, published, or non-published holding pattern.AA.VI.J.S3Change to the appropriate holding airspeed for the aircraft and holding altitude to cross the holding fix at or below maximum holding airspeed.AA.VI.J.S4Comply with the holding pattern leg length and other restrictions, if applicable, associated with the holding pattern.AA.VI.J.S5Comply with ATC reporting requirements.AA.VI.J.S6Use proper wind correction procedures to maintain the desired pattern and to arrive over the fix as close as possible to a specified time.AA.VI.J.S7Maintain specified airspeed ±10 knots, altitude ±100 feet, headings ±10°, and accurately track a selected course, radial, or bearing.AA.VI.J.S8If available, use automation, including autopilot, flight director controls, and navigation displays associated with the assigned hold.AA.VI.J.S9Update fuel reserve calculations based on EFC times.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
›Area of Operation VII. Emergency Operations7 tasks
Task A. Emergency Procedures
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with emergency procedures.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-74; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
AA.VII.A.K1Declaring an emergency and selection of a suitable airport or landing location.AA.VII.A.K2Situations that would require an emergency descent (e.g., depressurization, smoke, or engine fire).AA.VII.A.K3Causes of inflight fire or smoke.AA.VII.A.K4Airplane decompression.AA.VII.A.K5When an emergency evacuation may be necessary.AA.VII.A.K6Actions required if icing conditions exceed the capabilities of the aircraft.
AA.VII.A.R1Selection of the procedures or checklists to follow in an emergency.AA.VII.A.R2Multiple failures or system abnormalities.AA.VII.A.R3Altitude, wind, terrain, and obstruction considerations in an emergency.AA.VII.A.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VII.A.S1Explain or describe an emergency procedure for a situation(s) presented by the evaluator.AA.VII.A.S2Use proper procedures for an emergency situation(s) presented by the evaluator, such as:AA.VII.A.S2aEmergency DescentAA.VII.A.S2bInflight fire and smokeAA.VII.A.S2cDecompressionAA.VII.A.S2dEmergency evacuationAA.VII.A.S2eAirframe icingAA.VII.A.S2fOthers as specified in the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM)/Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)AA.VII.A.S3Fly by reference to standby flight instruments, backup instrumentation, or partial panel, if applicable and appropriate to the situation.AA.VII.A.S4Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) in a timely manner.AA.VII.A.S5Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
Task B. Powerplant Failure During Takeoff
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with powerplant failure during takeoff.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM
AA.VII.B.K1The procedures used during a powerplant(s) failure on takeoff, the appropriate reference airspeeds, and the specific pilot actions required.AA.VII.B.K2Operational considerations, including: airplane performance (e.g., sideslip, bank angle, rudder input), takeoff warning systems, runway length, surface conditions, density altitude, wake turbulence, environmental conditions, obstructions, and other related factors that could adversely affect safety.
AA.VII.B.R1Planning for a potential powerplant failure during takeoff considering operational factors (e.g., takeoff warning inhibit systems, other airplane characteristics, runway/takeoff path length, surface conditions, environmental conditions, obstructions, and land and hold short operations.AA.VII.B.R2Briefing the plan for a powerplant failure during takeoff, in a crew environment.AA.VII.B.R3Selection of the procedures or checklists to follow in an emergency.AA.VII.B.R4Identifying the inoperative engine (AMEL, AMES).AA.VII.B.R5Inability to climb or maintain altitude with an inoperative powerplant (AMEL, AMES).AA.VII.B.R6Altitude, wind, terrain, and obstruction considerations in an emergency.AA.VII.B.R7Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VII.B.R8Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VII.B.S1Following the powerplant failure, maintain positive airplane control and adjust the powerplant controls as recommended by the manufacturer for the existing conditions.AA.VII.B.S2Establish a power-off descent approximately straight-ahead if the powerplant failure occurs after becoming airborne and before reaching an altitude where a safe turn can be made (ASEL, ASES) or the performance capabilities and operating limitations of the airplane do not allow the climb to continue (AMEL, AMES).AA.VII.B.S3Continue the takeoff if the (simulated) powerplant failure occurs at a point where the airplane can continue to a specified airspeed and altitude at the end of the runway commensurate with the airplane’s performance capabilities and operating limitations (AMEL, AMES).AA.VII.B.S4After establishing a climb, maintain the desired airspeed, ±5 knots. Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required, to maintain best performance and trim as required (AMEL, AMES).AA.VII.B.S5Maintain the appropriate heading, ±5°, when powerplant failure occurs (AMEL, AMES).AA.VII.B.S6Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) following the powerplant failure.AA.VII.B.S7Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (ASEL, ASES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with powerplant failure and associated emergency approach and landing procedures.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.VII.C.K1Immediate action items and emergency procedures for a forced landing.AA.VII.C.K2Airspeed, including:AA.VII.C.K2aImportance of best glide speed and its relationship to distanceAA.VII.C.K2bDifference between best glide speed and minimum sink speedAA.VII.C.K2cEffects of wind on glide distanceAA.VII.C.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions on emergency approach and landing.AA.VII.C.K4A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.AA.VII.C.K5Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) and other emergency locating devices.AA.VII.C.K6Air traffic control (ATC) services to aircraft in distress.
AA.VII.C.R1Altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, gliding distance, and available landing distance considerations.AA.VII.C.R2Following or changing the planned flightpath to the selected landing area.AA.VII.C.R3Collision hazards.AA.VII.C.R4Configuring the airplane.AA.VII.C.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VII.C.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.VII.C.R7A powerplant failure in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).
AA.VII.C.S1Recognize the powerplant failure.AA.VII.C.S2Determine the cause for the simulated powerplant failure (if altitude permits) and if a restart is a viable option.AA.VII.C.S3Maintain positive control throughout the maneuver.AA.VII.C.S4Establish and maintain the recommended best glide airspeed, ±5 knots.AA.VII.C.S5Configure the airplane in accordance with the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)\Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and existing conditions.AA.VII.C.S6Select a suitable landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, and available glide distance.AA.VII.C.S7Establish a proper flight path to the selected landing area.AA.VII.C.S8Complete emergency checklist items appropriate to the airplane in a timely manner and as recommended by the manufacturer or operator.AA.VII.C.S9Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task D. Inflight Powerplant(s) Failure and Restart (AMEL, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with inflight powerplant failure and restart procedures, if applicable, in a multiengine airplane.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.VII.D.R1Powerplant(s) failure.AA.VII.D.R2Methods for handling a powerplant failure or a powerplant restart.AA.VII.D.R3Diagnosis of the cause of the powerplant failure.AA.VII.D.R4Collision hazards.AA.VII.D.R5Configuring the airplane.AA.VII.D.R6Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent stall, spin, and loss of control with an inflight powerplant failure.AA.VII.D.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VII.D.S1Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and maintain positive airplane control.AA.VII.D.S2Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate emergency procedures and checklist(s) for propeller feathering or powerplant shutdown.AA.VII.D.S3Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.AA.VII.D.S4Determine the cause for the powerplant(s) failure and if a restart is a viable option.AA.VII.D.S5Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.AA.VII.D.S6Maintain airspeed ±10 knots, altitude ±100 feet, headings ±10°, as specified by the evaluator and within the airplane’s capability.AA.VII.D.S7Consider a powerplant restart and, if appropriate, demonstrate the powerplant restart procedures in accordance with the manufacturer or operator specified procedures and checklists.AA.VII.D.S8Select the nearest suitable airport or landing area.AA.VII.D.S9Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task E. Approach and Landing with a Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with approach and landing with a powerplant failure in a multiengine airplane.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; SAFO 19001
AA.VII.E.R1Planning for a powerplant failure inflight or during an approach.AA.VII.E.R2Collision hazards.AA.VII.E.R3Configuring the airplane.AA.VII.E.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VII.E.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.VII.E.R6Performing a go-around/rejected landing with a powerplant failure.
AA.VII.E.S1Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and maintain positive airplane control.AA.VII.E.S2Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate emergency procedures and checklist(s) for simulated propeller feathering or simulated powerplant shutdown.AA.VII.E.S3Use flight controls and configure the aircraft as required to maintain best performance or as recommended by the manufacturer.AA.VII.E.S4Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.AA.VII.E.S5Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.AA.VII.E.S6Prior to beginning the final approach segment, maintain the desired altitude ±100 feet, the desired airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°, and accurately track courses, radials, and bearings.AA.VII.E.S7Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, ±5 knots, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.AA.VII.E.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.AA.VII.E.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.AA.VII.E.S10Touch down at the appropriate speed and pitch attitude at the runway aiming point markings -250/+500 feet, or where there are no runway markings 750 to 1,500 feet from the approach threshold of the runway (AMEL).AA.VII.E.S11During round out and touchdown contact the water at the proper pitch attitude within 200 feet beyond a specified point. In addition, for AMES, the touchdown is within the first one-third of the water landing area.AA.VII.E.S12Maintain positive aircraft control throughout the landing using drag and braking devices, as appropriate, to come to a stop.AA.VII.E.S13Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete after landing checklists.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task F. Precision Approach (Manually Flown) with a Powerplant Failure (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with precision approach (manually flown) with a powerplant failure in a multiengine airplane.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-16, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM; Terminal Procedures Publications
AA.VII.F.R1Planning for a powerplant failure inflight or during an approach.AA.VII.F.R2Collision hazards.AA.VII.F.R3Configuring the airplane.AA.VII.F.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VII.F.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.AA.VII.F.R6Landing with a powerplant failure.AA.VII.F.R7Missed approach with a powerplant failure.AA.VII.F.R8Maneuvering in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) with a powerplant failure.
AA.VII.F.S1Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and maintain positive airplane control.AA.VII.F.S2Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate emergency procedures and checklist(s) for simulated propeller feathering or simulated powerplant shutdown.AA.VII.F.S3Use flight controls and configure the aircraft as required to maintain best performance or as recommended by the manufacturer.AA.VII.F.S4Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.AA.VII.F.S5Make radio calls as appropriate.AA.VII.F.S6Proceed toward the nearest suitable airport.AA.VII.F.S7Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the approach and landing checklists.AA.VII.F.S8Establish the appropriate airplane configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and operating conditions.AA.VII.F.S9Prior to beginning the final approach segment, maintain the desired altitude ±100 feet, the desired airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°, and accurately track courses, radials, and bearings.AA.VII.F.S10Apply adjustments to the published decision altitude (DA)/decision height (DH) and visibility criteria for the aircraft approach category, as appropriate, for factors that include Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs), inoperative aircraft or navigation equipment, inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment, etc.AA.VII.F.S11Establish a predetermined rate of descent at the point where vertical guidance begins, which approximates that required for the aircraft to follow the vertical guidance.AA.VII.F.S12Fly and maintain a stabilized approach, adjusting pitch and power as required, allowing no more than ¼-scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral guidance indications.AA.VII.F.S13Maintain a stabilized final approach from the final approach fix (FAF) to the DA/DH allowing no more than ¼-scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral guidance indications and maintain the desired airspeed ±5 knots.AA.VII.F.S14Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing or missed approach.AA.VII.F.S15Upon reaching the DA/DH, immediately initiate the missed approach procedures if the required visual references for the runway are not distinctly visible and identifiable (or if in a seaplane); or transition to a normal landing approach only when the aircraft is in a position from which a descent to a landing on the runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvering.AA.VII.F.S16Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown or during the missed approach.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task G. Landing from a No Flap or a Nonstandard Flap Approach
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with no flap or a nonstandard flap approach and landing.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; FSB Report (type specific); POH/AFM; SAFO 19001
AA.VII.G.R1Hazards associated with a no flap or nonstandard flap approach and landing, including an asymmetrical flap situation.AA.VII.G.R2Selection of a runway based on aircraft limitations, available distance, surface conditions, and wind.AA.VII.G.R3Wake turbulence.AA.VII.G.R4Go-around/rejected landing.AA.VII.G.R5Collision hazards.AA.VII.G.R6Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).AA.VII.G.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AA.VII.G.S1Identify the malfunction.AA.VII.G.S2Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete applicable checklist(s) for the malfunction, approach, and landing.AA.VII.G.S3Communicate with ATC as needed and select an airport/runway with sufficient length for landing.AA.VII.G.S4Calculate the correct airspeeds/V-speeds for approach and landing.AA.VII.G.S5Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.AA.VII.G.S6Select a suitable touchdown point considering wind, landing surface, and obstructions.AA.VII.G.S7Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.AA.VII.G.S8Touch down at an acceptable point on the runway that is agreed upon between the applicant and the evaluator. Touch down at the appropriate speed and pitch attitude at the agreed upon point -250/+500 feet. (ASEL, AMEL).AA.VII.G.S9Touch down at an acceptable point on the landing surface. During round out and touchdown contact the water at the proper pitch attitude within 200 feet beyond a specified point (ASES, AMES). In addition, for AMES, the touchdown is within the first one-third of the water landing area.AA.VII.G.S10Maintain positive aircraft control throughout the landing using drag and braking devices, as appropriate, to come to a stop.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
›Area of Operation VIII. Postflight Procedures2 tasks
Task A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (ASEL, AMEL)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with after landing, parking, and securing procedures.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.VIII.A.S1Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.AA.VIII.A.S2Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.AA.VIII.A.S3Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s) after clearing the runway.AA.VIII.A.S4Park at the gate or in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.AA.VIII.A.S5Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.AA.VIII.A.S6Secure the airplane.
Task B. Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures (ASES, AMES)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with anchoring, docking, mooring, and ramping/beaching.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
AA.VIII.B.S1Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.AA.VIII.B.S2If anchoring, select a suitable area considering seaplane movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes. Use an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure the seaplane’s security.AA.VIII.B.S3If not anchoring, approach the dock/mooring buoy or beach/ramp in the proper direction and at a safe speed, considering water depth, tide, current, and wind.AA.VIII.B.S4Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate checklist(s).AA.VIII.B.S5If anchoring/mooring/beaching, secure the seaplane considering the effects of wind, waves, and changes in water level; if ramping, comply with appropriate ground movement procedures.AA.VIII.B.S6Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
Note: s to emphasize special considerations. During the ground and flight portion of the practical test, the FAA expects evaluators to assess the applicant's mastery of the topic in accordance with the level of learning most appropriate for the specified Task. The oral questioning will continue throughout the entire practical test. For some topics, the evaluator will ask the applicant to describe or explain. For other items, the evaluator will assess the applicant's understanding by providing a scenario that requires the applicant to appropriately apply and/or correlate knowledge, experience, and information to the circumstances of the given scenario. The flight portion of the practical test requires the applicant to demonstrate knowledge, risk management, flight proficiency, and operational skill in accordance with the ACS. The elements within each Task in this ACS are coded according to a scheme that includes four components. For example, AA.I.A.K2: AA = Applicable ACS Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes I = Area of Operation A = Task K2 = Task element (in this example, Knowledge 2) There is no requirement for an evaluator to test every knowledge and risk management element in a Task; rather the evaluator has discretion to sample as needed to ensure the applicant’s mastery of that Task. The required minimum elements to be tested from each applicable Task include: • any elements in which the applicant was shown to be deficient on the knowledge test, as applicable; • at least one knowledge element; • at least one risk management element; and • all skill elements unless otherwise noted. The Airman Knowledge Test Report (AKTR) lists ACS codes that correlate to a specific Task element for a given Area of Operation for any incorrect responses on the knowledge test. When administering a test, the Tasks appropriate to the class airplane (ASEL, ASES, AMEL, or AMES) used for the test must be included in the plan of action. The FAA encourages applicants and instructors to use the ACS when preparing for the airman knowledge tests and practical tests. Evaluators must conduct the practical test in accordance with the current ACS and FAA regulations pursuant to 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43. If an applicant is entitled to credit for Areas of Operation previously passed as indicated on a Notice of Disapproval of Application or Letter of Discontinuance, evaluators shall use the ACS currently in effect on the date of the test. The ground portion of the practical test allows the evaluator to determine whether the applicant is sufficiently prepared to advance to the flight portion of the practical test. The applicant must pass the ground portion of the practical test before beginning the flight portion. The oral questioning will continue throughout the entire practical test. Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes Instructor Responsibilities The instructor trains and qualifies the applicant to meet the established standards for knowledge, risk management, and skill elements in all Tasks appropriate to the certificate and rating sought. The instructor should use this ACS and its references when preparing the applicant to take the practical test and when retraining the applicant to proficiency in any subject(s) missed on the knowledge test. Evaluator Responsibilities An evaluator includes the following: • Aviation Safety Inspector (ASI); • Pilot examiner (other than administrative pilot examiners); • Training center evaluator (TCE); • Chief instructor, assistant chief instructor, or check instructor of pilot school holding examining authority; or • Instrument Flight Instructor (CFII) conducting an instrument proficiency check (IPC). The evaluator who conducts the practical test verifies the applicant has met the aeronautical experience requirements specified for a certificate or rating before administering the test. During the practical test, the evaluator determines whether the applicant meets the established standards of aeronautical knowledge, risk management, and skills for the Tasks in the appropriate ACS. The evaluator must develop a plan of action (POA) that includes all required Areas of Operation and Tasks and administer each practical test in English. The POA must include scenario(s) that evaluate as many of the required Areas of Operation and Tasks as possible. As a scenario unfolds during the test, the evaluator will introduce problems and simulate emergencies that test the applicant’s ability. The evaluator has the discretion to modify the POA to accommodate unexpected situations as they arise or suspend and later resume a scenario to assess certain Tasks. Prior to and throughout the evaluation, the evaluator ensures the applicant meets the FAA Aviation English Language Standard (AELS). An applicant must be able to communicate in English in a discernible and understandable manner with air traffic control (ATC), pilots, and others involved in preparing an aircraft for flight and operating an aircraft in flight. This communication may or may not involve radio communications. An applicant for an FAA certificate or rating issued in accordance with 14 CFR parts 61, 63, 65, or 107 who cannot hear or speak due to a medical deficiency may be eligible for an FAA certificate with specific operational limitations. If the applicant’s ability to meet the FAA AELS comes into question before starting the practical test, the evaluator will not begin the practical test. An evaluator other than an ASI will check the box, “Referred to FSO for Aviation English Language Standard Determination,” located on the bottom of page 2 of the applicant’s FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/ or Rating Application, or FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application - Sport Pilot, as applicable. The evaluator will refer the applicant to the appropriate Flight Standards Office (FSO). If the applicant’s ability to meet the FAA AELS comes into question after the practical test begins, an evaluator who other than an ASI will discontinue the practical test and check the box, “Referred to FSO for Aviation English Language Standard Determination,” on the application. The evaluator will also issue FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval of Application, with the comment “Does Not Demonstrate FAA AELS” in addition to any unsatisfactory Task(s). The evaluator will refer the applicant to the appropriate FSO. ASIs conducting the practical test may assess an applicant’s English language proficiency in accordance with FAA Order 8900.1. In either case, the evaluator must complete and submit the application file through normal application procedures and evaluators other than an ASI notify the appropriate FSO of the referral. If the ability of an FAA certificated airman comes into question prior to or during a required regulatory check (e.g., proficiency check) the evaluator other than an ASI will not continue the check or provide an endorsement indicating completion. The evaluator will refer the airman to the jurisdictional FAA field office for further determination of ability to meet the FAA AELS. For additional information, reference AC 60-28, FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate issued under 14 CFR parts 61, 63, 65, and 107, as amended. Possible Outcomes of the Test A practical test has three possible outcomes: (1) Temporary Airman Certificate (satisfactory), (2) Notice of Disapproval of Application (unsatisfactory), or (3) Letter of Discontinuance. Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes If the evaluator determines that a Task is incomplete, or the outcome is uncertain, the evaluator must require the applicant to repeat that Task, or portions of that Task. This provision does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repetition of an unsatisfactory Task is permitted during the practical test. Satisfactory Performance Refer to 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43, for satisfactory performance requirements. Satisfactory performance will result in the issuance of a temporary certificate. Depending upon the pilot flight crew complement required for the test, the pilot is expected to demonstrate competence in crew resource management in an operation or airplane certificated for more than one required pilot crewmember, or singlepilot competence in an operation or airplane that is certificated for single-pilot operations. If a successful check is conducted under an operator’s approved training and checking program, it is considered to have met the flight proficiency requirements of 14 CFR part 61, section 61.157(f) for the issuance of an ATP certificate and an appropriate rating. An evaluator that conducts ATP certificate evaluations in accordance with an approved 91K, part 121, or part 135 training and checking program is not required to use this document. Unsatisfactory Performance If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the applicant does not meet the standards for any Task, the applicant fails the Task and associated Area of Operation and the evaluator issues a Notice of Disapproval of Application. The evaluator lists the Area(s) of Operation in which the applicant did not meet the standard, any Area(s) of Operation not tested, and the number of practical test failures. The evaluator should also list the Tasks failed or Tasks not tested within any unsatisfactory or partially completed Area(s) of Operation. 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(c)-(f) provides additional unsatisfactory performance requirements and parameters. Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification include: • Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires corrective intervention by the evaluator to maintain safe flight. • Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. • Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the skill elements of the Task. • Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded. • Failure to exercise risk management. The evaluator or the applicant may end the test if the applicant fails a Task. The evaluator may continue the test only with the consent of the applicant. The applicant receives credit only for those Areas of Operation and the associated Tasks performed satisfactorily. Letter of Discontinuance Refer to 14 CFR part 61, section 61.43(e)(2) for conditions to issue a letter of discontinuance. If discontinuing a practical test for reasons other than unsatisfactory performance (e.g., equipment failure, weather, illness), the evaluator must return all test paperwork to the applicant. The evaluator must prepare, sign, and issue a Letter of Discontinuance that lists those Areas of Operation the applicant successfully completed and the time period remaining to complete the test to receive credit for previously completed Areas of Operation. The evaluator should advise the applicant to present the Letter of Discontinuance to the evaluator when the practical test resumes in order to receive credit for the items successfully completed. The Letter of Discontinuance becomes part of the applicant's certification file. Time Limit and Credit after a Discontinued Practical Test Refer to 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.39(f) and 61.43(f) after issuance of a Letter of Discontinuance or Notice of Disapproval of Application. Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes ATP Certificate Task Table Each column title in the table below identifies the airplane category and class rating sought on the ATP certificate. This table applies to initial ATP applicants and applicants seeking additional ratings. The evaluator must evaluate the applicant in the Areas of Operation and Tasks listed in the table below. The evaluator has the discretion to evaluate the applicant’s competence in the remaining Areas of Operation and Tasks. Area of Airplane Single- Airplane Single- Airplane Airplane Operation Engine – Landa Engine – Seaa Multiengine – Landb Multiengine – Seab,c I A,B,C,F,G A,B,C,F,G,H A,B,C,D,E,F,G All II A,B,C,E A,B,D,E A,B,C,E A,B,D,E III A,B,I,J All A,B,I,J All IV All All All All V All All All All VI All All All All VII A,B,C,G A,B,C,G A,B,D,E,F,G A,B,D,E,F,G VIII A B A B a. An applicant with qualifications other than a commercial pilot certificate in the airplane category and a single- engine class rating who applies for an ATP certificate in the airplane category with a single-engine class rating (ASEL or ASES) must also demonstrate the following Tasks based upon the applicant’s qualifications at the time of the ATP practical test: • If the applicant has not completed a commercial practical test in a single-engine airplane, evaluators must test the Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing Task in accordance with the Commercial Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7, as amended), Area of Operation IV, Task M. (Ref. 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.153 and 61.165(b) and (e)). • If the applicant does not hold an airman certificate with an airplane single-engine class rating, evaluators must test both the Forward Slip to the Landing Task in accordance with the Private Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6 as amended), Area of Operation IV, Task M and a Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing Task, Commercial Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7 as amended), Area of Operation IV, Task M. (Ref. 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.153 and 61.165(b) and (e)). b. If an applicant does not hold an airplane multiengine class rating on his or her current pilot certificate, or current airplane multiengine rating or multiengine type rating on a foreign license, evaluators must test the Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative Task and the VMC Demonstration Task in accordance with the Commercial Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7, as amended), Area of Operation X, Tasks A and B. Note that holding an second-in-command (SIC) pilot type rating does not remove this testing requirement. c. When adding the Airplane Multiengine Sea Rating to an existing ATP Airplane Multiengine Land Certificate, the applicant may supply a seaplane without propeller feathering capability and perform simulated propeller feathering during the practical test. Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes Addition of a Type Rating to an Existing Pilot Certificate and Proficiency Check Requirements In accordance with 14 CFR part 61, sections 61.63 and 61.157, the table below identifies the Tasks required for the category and class of type rating sought. No Task credit exists for an SIC pilot type rating issued in accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.55. Available type ratings can be located in FAA Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 2, Section 19. In accordance with 14 CFR part 61, section 61.58(d)(1), the table below also identifies the Tasks required for a proficiency check. Area of Airplane Single- Airplane Airplane Single- Airplane Operation Engine – Land Multiengine –Land Engine – Sea Multiengine –Sea I A,B A,B A,B,H A,B,H II A,B,C,E A,B,C,E A,B,D,E A,B,D,E III A,B,I,J A,B,I,J All All IV All All All All V All All All All VI All All All All VII A,B,C,G A,B,D,E,F,G A,B,C,G A,B,D,E,F,G VIII A A B B Addition of a VFR Only Type Rating to an Existing Pilot Certificate Refer to 14 CFR section 61.63(e) or section 61.157(g), as applicable. An applicant may add a type rating to a pilot certificate for an airplane type not capable of instrument flight without performing Tasks by reference to instruments during the practical test. This results in a “VFR only” limitation for the type rating on the pilot certificate. The following table identifies the Tasks required for the category and class of type rating sought. Each column title identifies the class of the type rating sought on an existing pilot certificate. Area of Airplane Airplane Single- Airplane Airplane Single- Operation Multiengine –Land Engine – Land Multiengine –Sea Engine – Sea I A,B A,B A,B,H A,B,H II A,B,C,E A,B,C,E A,B,D,E A,B,D,E III A,B,I,J A,B,I,J All All IV All All All All V All All All All VI None None None None VII A,B,D,E,G A,B,C,G A,B,D,E,G A,B,C,G VIII A A B B The Tasks listed above that are normally required to be performed by reference to instruments would be conducted using visual references for the purposes of a VFR only type rating. Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes Removal of the “Second in Command Required” Limitation from a Type Rating A pilot, who holds an airplane type rating with a “Second-In-Command Required” Limitation, may test to remove the limitation and receive an unrestricted type rating. During the practical test, the pilot must demonstrate single-pilot competency in the Areas of Operation and Tasks listed below. Airplane Airplane Area of Multiengine – Multiengine – Operation Land Tasks Sea Tasks I None None II A,B,C,E A,B,D,E III A,B,I,J All IV B,C B,C V None None VI All All VII A,B,D,E,F,G A,B,D,E,F,G VIII A B Removal of Circle-to-Land Limitation on an ATP Certificate or Type Rating A pilot may receive a circle-to-land limitation through an approved air carrier training and checking program restricting a circling approach to visual meteorological conditions (VMC) only. Depending on pilot qualifications the limitation may apply to the ATP pilot certificate, associated type rating(s), or both. In order to remove a circling limitation, the applicant must be tested by a qualified evaluator on Tasks G and H of Area of Operation VI within this ACS. This restriction, “ATP CIRC APCH VMC ONLY,” may be removed from the ATP certificate upon completion of an evaluation of the circling maneuver tasks in an airplane representative of the class held on the applicant’s ATP certificate. The airplane used does not have to be type-specific, but must reflect a class of airplane for which the pilot has ATP privileges. The limitation removal may involve training depending on the airplane used. For removal of the circle-to-land limitation pertaining to a specific airplane type rating, the airplane used for the test must represent the airplane type to which the restriction applies. Removal of a circle-to-land limitation from a type rating will also remove the limitation, “ATP CIRC APCH VMC ONLY” (if applicable). However, the circle-to-land limitation will remain on any other type rating(s) the pilot holds with a limitation until the pilot has been tested in that specific aircraft type for the removal of the limitation. The requirements for the removal of the circle-to-land limitation(s) may be completed in an FSTD if conducted in accordance with an approved training program. Airplane Multiengine Land Limited to Center Thrust When conducting a practical test for a pilot that has not previously demonstrated competence in a multiengine airplane with a published VMC, or when removing the center thrust limitation from the AMEL rating, the evaluator must test the applicant on the following Areas of Operation and Tasks from the Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA- S-ACS-11, as amended) and Commercial Pilot for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7, as amended) in a multiengine airplane that has a manufacturer’s published VMC speed. This speed can be found on the type certificate data sheet (TCDS) or in the AFM. If the limitation will be removed under part 121, 135, or 142, it must be done in accordance with an approved curriculum or training program. Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-11 as amended) Area of Operation Required Tasks III I VII B,D,E Commercial Pilot –for Airplane Category ACS (FAA-S-ACS-7 as amended) Area of Operation Required Tasks X A,B Appendix 2: Safety of Flight Appendix 2: Safety of Flight General Safety of flight must be the prime consideration at all times. The evaluator, applicant, and crew must be continually alert for other traffic. If performing aspects of a given maneuver, such as emergency procedures, would jeopardize safety, the evaluator will ask the applicant to simulate that portion of the maneuver. The evaluator will assess the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures throughout the entire test. Stall and Spin Awareness During flight training and testing, the applicant and the instructor or evaluator must always recognize and avoid operations that could lead to an inadvertent stall or spin and inadvertent loss of control. Use of Checklists Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist. Assessing proper checklist use depends upon the specific Task. In all cases, the evaluator should determine whether the applicant demonstrates CRM, appropriately divides attention, and uses proper visual scanning. In some situations, reading the actual checklist may be impractical or unsafe. In such cases, the evaluator should assess the applicant's performance of published or recommended immediate action “memory” items along with their review of the appropriate checklist once conditions permit. In a single-pilot aircraft, the applicant should demonstrate the crew resource management (CRM) principles described as single-pilot resource management (SRM). Proper use depends on the specific Task being evaluated. If the use of the checklist while accomplishing elements of an Objective would be either unsafe or impractical in a single-pilot operation, the applicant should review the checklist after accomplishing the elements. Positive Exchange of Flight Controls A clear understanding of who has control of the aircraft must exist. Prior to flight, the pilots involved should conduct a briefing that includes reviewing the procedures for exchanging flight controls. The FAA recommends a positive three-step process for exchanging flight controls between pilots: • When one pilot seeks to have the other pilot take control of the aircraft, they will say, “You have the flight controls.” • The second pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” • The first pilot again says, “You have the flight controls,” and visually confirms the exchange. Pilots should follow this procedure during any exchange of flight controls, including any occurrence during the practical test. The FAA also recommends that both pilots use a visual check to verify that the exchange has occurred. Doubt as to who is flying the aircraft should not occur. Use of Distractions Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. The evaluator should incorporate realistic distractions during the flight portion of the practical test to evaluate the pilot’s situational awareness and ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing attention both inside and outside the flight deck. Aeronautical Decision-Making, Risk Management, Crew Resource Management, and Single-Pilot Resource