AA.III.A.R2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-9
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Wingtip Vortices › Avoiding Wake Turbulence

  Helicopter vortices should be avoided because helicopter forward flight airspeeds are often very slow and can generate exceptionally strong wake turbulence. Wind is an important factor in avoiding wake turbulence because wingtip vortices drift with the wind at the speed ... period of time and hasten the drift of the downwind vortex toward another runway (bottom). safety that allows wake turbulence dissipation. [Figure 5-15] For more information on wake turbulence, see Advisory Circular (AC) 90-23, Aircraft Wake Turbulence…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 6-1
  Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Prior to Takeoff

  runway. Taking off immediately behind another aircraft, particularly a large and heavy transport airplane, creates the risk of a wake turbulence encounter, and a possible loss of control. However, if an immediate takeoff behind a large heavy aircraft is necessary ... pilot should plan to minimize the chances of flying through an aircraft’s wake turbulence by avoiding the other aircraft’s flightpath or rotating prior to the point at which the preceding aircraft rotated. While taxiing onto the runway…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-26
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wake Turbulence

  Wake Turbulence All aircraft generate wake turbulence during flight. This disturbance is caused by a pair of counter-rotating vortices trailing from the wingtips. The vortices from larger aircraft pose problems to encountering aircraft. The wake of these aircraft ... encountering aircraft. Also, the turbulence generated within the vortices can damage aircraft components and equipment if encountered at close range. For this reason, a pilot must envision the location of the vortex wake and adjust the flight path accordingly. Vortex…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 2-10
  Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › Hazard and Risk › V = EnVironment

  landing a small airplane just after a heavy jet had departed a parallel runway. The pilot assumed that wake turbulence would not be a problem since landings had been performed under similar circumstances. Due to a combination of prevailing winds ... wake turbulence from the heavy jet drifting across the landing runway, the airplane made a hard landing. The pilot made an error when assessing the flight environment…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-27
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wake Turbulence › Terminal Area

  Vortex Strength Terminal Area Wake turbulence has historically been thought of as only a function of aircraft weight, but recent research considers additional parameters, such as speed, aspects of the wing, wake decay rates, and aircraft resistance to wake, just ... heavy, slow, and clean, since the turbulence from a “dirty” aircraft configuration hastens wake decay. En Route En route wake turbulence events have been influenced by changes to the aircraft fleet mix that have more “Super” (A380) and “Heavy…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 4-6-6
  Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 5. Surveillance Systems › 4-6-7. Guidance on Wake Turbulence

  being encountered, the pilot may request a FL change and/or re-route, if necessary. 4-6-7. Guidance on Wake Turbulence a. Pilots should be aware of the potential for wake turbulence encounters in RVSM airspace. Experience gained since ... generally moderate or less in magnitude. b. Prior to DRVSM implementation, the FAA established provisions for pilots to report wake turbulence events in RVSM airspace using the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). A “Safety Reporting” section established…