AA.I.D.K9
KnowledgeFactors which contribute to airplane upsets at high altitude and upset prevention and recovery techniques.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Density Altitude
Under conditions higher or lower than standard, these levels cannot be determined directly from the altimeter. Density altitude is determined by first finding pressure altitude and then correcting this altitude for nonstandard temperature variations. Since density varies directly with pressure ... inversely with temperature, a given pressure altitude may exist for a wide range of temperature by allowing the density to vary. However, a known density occurs for any one temperature and pressure altitude. The density of the air, of course…
- Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Types of Altitude
Indicated altitude—read directly from the altimeter (uncorrected) when it is set to the current altimeter setting. 2. True altitude—the vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level—the actual altitude. It is often expressed as feet above mean ... level (MSL). Airport, terrain, and obstacle elevations on aeronautical charts are true altitudes. 3. Absolute altitude—the vertical distance of an aircraft above the terrain, or above ground level (AGL). 4. Pressure altitude—the altitude indicated when the altimeter setting…
- Chapter 4: Principles of Flight › Pressure › Density Altitude
Under conditions higher or lower than standard, these levels cannot be determined directly from the altimeter. Density altitude is determined by first finding pressure altitude, and then correcting this altitude for nonstandard temperature variations. Since density varies directly with pressure ... inversely with temperature, a given pressure altitude may exist for a wide range of temperatures by allowing the density to vary. However, a known density occurs for any one temperature and pressure altitude. The density…
- Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Altimeter Operation
altimeter indicates an altitude above the actual field elevation. If the barometric pressure setting is reset to the current altimeter setting of 29.68 "Hg, then the field elevation is again indicated on the altimeter. This pressure change ... easily noticed in flight since aircraft fly at specific altitudes. The aircraft steadily decreases true altitude while the altimeter is held constant through pilot action as discussed in the previous section. Knowing the aircraft’s altitude is vitally important…
- Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Upset Prevention and Recovery › Unusual Attitudes Versus Upsets
Upset Prevention and Recovery An unusual attitude is commonly referenced as an unintended or unexpected attitude in instrument flight. These unusual attitudes are introduced to a pilot during student pilot training as part of basic attitude instrument flying ... pilot is often directed to close their eyes, and any element of surprise disappears. The top four causal and contributing factors that have led to an upset and resulted in LOC-I accidents are: 1. Environmental factors 2. Mechanical…
- Chapter 4: Energy Management: Mastering Altitude and Airspeed Control › Viewing the Airplane as an Energy System › A Frame of Reference for Managing Energy State
example, if the pilot decides to put all the surplus energy into altitude, the airplane can climb at a constant airspeed. [Figure 4-1A] If the pilot opts to place all the surplus energy into airspeed, the airplane ... accelerate while maintaining altitude. [Figure 4-1B] When drag exceeds thrust, (T – D < 0), the airplane's total mechanical energy decreases. The pilot has two sources of stored energy to tap into. For example, the pilot may choose…