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  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    item that alters the landing speed or deceleration rate during the landing roll affects the landing distance. The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance. One effect of an increased ... gross weight is that a greater speed is required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient. For an example of the effect of a change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in landing weight requires…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing

    Common Errors Common errors with forward slips to a landing: 1. Incorrect pitch adjustments that result in poor airspeed control. 2. Reacting to erroneous airspeed indications. 3. Using excess power while trying to lose altitude. 4. A slip ... same direction as any crosswind. 5. Poor glidepath control. 6. Late transition to a sideslip during landing with crosswinds. 7. Landing without the longitudinal axis parallel to runway. 8. Landing off the centerline. Crosswind Approach and Landing Most runways…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Base Leg

    base leg is one of the important judgments made by the pilot to set up for a good landing. [Figure 9-3] The pilot accurately judges the height, distance from the approach end of the runway, and rate of descent ... allow a stabilized approach, round out, and touchdown at the desired spot. The distance depends on the altitude of the base leg, the current winds, and the amount of wing flaps used. When there is a strong wind on final…

  • Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Jet Engine Landing

    Engine Landing 14 CFR part 25, section 25.125 defines the horizontal distance needed in order to land a jet airplane. The regulation describes the landing profile as the horizontal distance required to land and come to a complete stop from ... point 50 feet above the landing surface. Manufacturers determine the landing distance on a dry, level runway at standard temperatures without using thrust reversers, auto brakes, or auto-land systems as a baseline. The pilot uses the landing weight…

  • Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 3. Airport Operations › 4-3-6. Use of Runways/Declared Distances

    declared available and suitable for a landing airplane. The LDA may be less than the physical length of the runway or the length of the runway remaining beyond a displaced threshold if necessary to satisfy runway design standards ... uses a portion of the runway to achieve the runway safety area requirement. Although some runway elements (such as stopway length and clearway length) may be available information, pilots must use the declared distances determined by the airport operator…

  • Pilot/Controller Glossary › T

    suitably equipped aircraft a continuous indication of bearing and distance to the TACAN station. (See VORTAC.) (Refer to AIM.) TAILWIND- Any wind more than 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the runway. The magnetic direction of the runway must ... used as the basis for determining the longitudinal axis. TAKEOFF AREA- (See LANDING AREA.) TAKEOFF DISTANCE AVAILABLE (TODA)– The takeoff run available plus the length of any remaining runway or clearway beyond the far end of the takeoff…