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  • Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Turns

    Descents 1. Failure to maintain heading 2. Improper use of power 3. Poor control of pitch attitude 4. Failure to maintain proper pedal trim 5. Failure to level off on desired altitude Turns Turns made by reference ... True airspeed determines the angle of bank necessary to maintain a standard rate turn. A rule of thumb to determine the approximate angle of bank required for a standard rate turn is to use 15 percent of the airspeed…

  • Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Pitch

    before lowering the flaps. 5. Since 18 "Hg manifold pressure will hold level flight at 100 knots with the gear down, increase power smoothly to that setting until the ASI shows approximately 105 knots. The attitude indicator now shows ... desired airspeed, and trim off the pressures necessary to hold constant altitude and heading. The attitude indicator now shows a bar width nose-low in straight-and-level flight at 95 knots. Proficiency in straight-and-level flight…

  • Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Straight Descents (Constant Airspeed and Constant Rate) › Entry

    Straight Descents (Constant Airspeed and Constant Rate) A descent may be performed at any normal airspeed the helicopter can attain, but the airspeed must be determined prior to entry. The technique is determined by the type of descent, a constant ... airspeed, or a constant rate. Entry If airspeed is higher than descending airspeed, and a constant airspeed descent is desired, reduce power to a descent power setting and maintain a constant altitude using cyclic pitch control. This slows the helicopter…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

    side of the diaphragm, which is attached to an indicating system. The system drives the mechanical linkage and the airspeed needle. Just as in altitudes, there are multiple types of airspeeds. Pilots need to be very familiar with each type ... Indicated airspeed (IAS)—the direct instrument reading obtained from the ASI, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error. Manufacturers use this airspeed as the basis for determining aircraft performance. Takeoff, landing, and stall speeds listed…

  • Chapter 5: Flight Instruments › Dynamic Pressure Type Instruments › Types of Airspeed

    Types of Airspeed Just as there are several types of altitude, there are multiple types of airspeed: indicated airspeed (IAS), calibrated airspeed (CAS), equivalent airspeed (EAS), and true airspeed (TAS). Indicated Airspeed (IAS) IAS is shown on the dial ... instrument, uncorrected for instrument or system errors. Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) CAS is the speed at which the aircraft is moving through the air, which is found by correcting IAS for instrument and position errors. The POH/AFM has a chart…

  • Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Turn Indicator › Power Control During Straight-and-Level Flight

    airspeed is changing, adjust the pitch attitude to maintain a constant altitude. A constant heading should be maintained throughout the change. As the desired airspeed is approached, adjust power to the new cruising power setting and further adjust pitch attitude ... maintain altitude. The instrument indications for straight-and-level flight at normal cruise and during the transition from normal cruise to slow cruise are illustrated in Figures 8-9 and 8-10. After the airspeed stabilizes at slow cruise…