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  • Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Effect and Use of Flight Controls

    With the pilot’s hand: ⦁ When pulling the elevator pitch control toward the pilot, which is an aft movement of the control wheel, yoke, control stick, or side stick controller (referred to as adding back pressure), the airplane’s nose ... airplane. Think of this movement from the pilot’s feet to the pilot’s head. ⦁ When pushing elevator pitch control toward the instrument panel, (referred to as increasing forward pressure), the airplane rotates the nose forward relative to the pilot…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Approach Control

    Approach Control Approach control is responsible for controlling all instrument flights operating within its area of responsibility. Approach control may serve one or more airports. Control is exercised primarily through direct pilot and controller communication and airport surveillance radar ... Prior to arriving at the initial approach fix (IAF), instructions will be received from the air route traffic control center (ARTCC) to contact approach control on a specified frequency. Where radar is approved for approach control service, it is used…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Emergency Approaches and Landings (Simulated)

    Emergency Approaches and Landings (Simulated) During dual training flights, the instructor should give simulated emergency landings by retarding the throttle and calling “simulated emergency landing.” The objective of these simulated emergency landings is to develop a pilot’s accuracy, judgment ... planning, procedures, and confidence when little or no power is available. A simulated emergency landing may be given with the airplane in any configuration. If the simulated power failure occurs while above best glide speed, the pilot allows the airplane…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control › Landing

    above the MDA or DA/DH before beginning a turn. If visual reference is lost while circling-to-land from an instrument approach, execute the appropriate MAP. Make the initial climbing turn toward the landing runway and then maneuver to intercept ... until touchdown; 2. Whenever an identifiable part of the airport is not visible to the pilot during a circling maneuver at or above MDA; or 3. When so directed by ATC. Landing According to 14 CFR part 91, no pilot…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control › Circling Approaches

    Side-Step Maneuver ATC may authorize a side-step maneuver to either one of two parallel runways that are separated by 1,200 feet or less, followed by a straight-in landing on the adjacent runway. Aircraft executing a side ... step maneuver are cleared for a specified nonprecision approach and landing on the adjacent parallel runway. For example, “Cleared ILS runway 7 left approach, side-step to runway 7 right.” The pilot is expected to commence the side-step maneuver…

  • Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Trim Control

    then hold the wings level with aileron flight control pressure while rudder control pressure is trimmed out. Finally, aileron trim should be adjusted to relieve any aileron flight control pressure. A properly trimmed airplane is an indication of good piloting ... skills. Any control forces that the pilot feels should be a result of deliberate flight control pressure inputs during a planned change in airplane attitude, not a result of forces being applied by the airplane. A common trim control error…