AA.I.C.K3b
KnowledgeMeteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination for flights conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) to include expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
Wind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)
From the FAA library
- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information › 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products › 3.4.2.2 Products with Wind Information
Medium-Level SIGWX G A jet stream axis with a wind speed aloft of more than 80 knots is depicted with double hatched lines identifying 20-knot speed changes. Global forecast of a jet stream axis with a wind speed ... aloft of more than 80 knots is depicted with double hatched lines identifying 20-knot speed changes. WAFS G Winds aloft are issued at select FLs and are provided in chart and grid point formats. Wind speed and direction (true…
- 16 Mountain Weather › 16.2 Mountain Waves and Adverse Winds › 16.2.2 Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) Waves
Figure 16-1. Gravity Wave Oscillations The described gravity wave will have measurable wavelength, amplitude, phase speed, and period. The period of this type of atmospheric disturbance is related to the temperature of the air and the “spread” between ... rate and the dry adiabatic lapse rate (or, equivalently, the degree of stability present). In general, the large-scale wind (wind shear) changes in altitude and temperature (lapse rate), the size and shape of the mountain or ridge over which…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wind Direction Indicators
Wind Direction Indicators It is important for a pilot to know the direction of the wind. At facilities with an operating control tower, this information is provided by ATC. Information may also be provided by FSS personnel either located ... receive and broadcast on this frequency. When none of these services is available, it is possible to determine wind direction and runway in use by visual wind indicators. A pilot should check these wind indicators even when information is provided…
- 16 Mountain Weather › 16.2 Mountain Waves and Adverse Winds › 16.2.4 Trapped Lee Waves
Trapped Lee Waves In the preceding section, an important type of mountain wave that propagates (i.e., transports its energy) vertically was discussed. Next, consider a second type of mountain wave, often manifested by a train of Altocumulus Standing Lenticular (ACSL ... clouds extending far downwind of the mountain (although trapped lee waves frequently occur without clouds). These waves are of concern for takeoff and landing operations and en route flight below FL250. The associated lenticular (lens- or airfoil-shaped) clouds…
- 16 Mountain Weather › 16.2 Mountain Waves and Adverse Winds
with turbulence of potentially destructive intensity, and the likelihood of loss of control. When the atmosphere encounters a mountainous barrier, a number of responses are possible. If the wind is weak or the moving air mass exceptionally dense, the mountains ... preventing the motion of air over the barrier. More frequently, strong winds flow over or around mountains or ridges. If the surrounding atmosphere is unstable, the vertical displacement of the air will (if sufficient moisture is present) lead to thunderstorm…