AA.III.G.S8

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 7-5
  Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Fixed-Pitch Propeller

  Small aircraft are equipped with either one of two types of propellers: fixed-pitch or adjustable-pitch. Figure 7-6. Changes in propeller blade angle from hub to tip. Fixed-Pitch Propeller A propeller with fixed blade angles ... fixed-pitch propeller. The pitch of this propeller is set by the manufacturer and cannot be changed. Since a fixed-pitch propeller achieves the best efficiency only at a given combination of airspeed and rpm, the pitch setting is ideal…

• Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbookp. 4-15
  SKIPPING › GLASSY WATER TAKEOFFS

  GLASSY WATER TAKEOFFS Glassy water makes takeoff more difficult in two ways. The smoothness of the surface has the effect of increasing drag, making acceleration and lift-off more difficult. This can feel as if there is suction between ... water and the floats. A little surface roughness actually helps break the contact between the floats and the water by introducing turbulence and air bubbles between water and the float bottoms. The intermittent contact between floats and water…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 12-5
  Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Controllable-Pitch Propeller › Constant-Speed Propeller

  Controllable-Pitch Propeller Fixed-pitch propellers are designed for best efficiency at one particular revolutions per minute (rpm) setting and one airspeed. A fixed-pitch propeller provides suitable performance in a narrow range of airspeeds. However, fixed-pitch efficiency suffers ... considerably when operating outside of this range. To provide improved propeller efficiency through a wide range of operation, the propeller blade angle needs to be controllable. Constant-Speed Propeller A constant-speed propeller keeps the blade angle adjusted for maximum…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 12-6
  Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Controllable-Pitch Propeller › Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise

  means to sense engine rpm. The "Blade Angle Control" section of this chapter discusses the ways a propeller governor adjusts propeller blade angle. Other factors affect constant-speed propeller blade pitch. When an airplane is nosed up into a climb ... changing the manifold pressure at a constant rpm; or by changing both rpm and manifold pressure. The constant-speed propeller makes it possible to obtain an infinite number of power settings. Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise During takeoff, when the forward…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 12-8
  Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Controllable-Pitch Propeller › Constant-Speed Propeller Operation

  There is a certain amount of leakage from the propeller cylinder, and the oil tends to congeal, especially if the outside air temperature is low. Consequently, if the propeller is not exercised before takeoff, there is a possibility that ... engine may over-speed on takeoff. An airplane equipped with a constant-speed propeller has better takeoff performance than a similarly powered airplane equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller. This is because with a constant-speed propeller, an airplane…

• Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook - Powerplantp. 7-6
  Chapter 7: Propellers › Types of Propellers › Controllable-Pitch Propeller

  Ground-Adjustable Propeller The ground-adjustable propeller operates as a fixed-pitch propeller. The pitch, or blade angle, can be changed only when the propeller is not turning. This is done by loosening the clamping mechanism that holds the blades ... tightened, the pitch of the blades cannot be changed in flight to meet variable flight requirements. The ground-adjustable propeller is not often used on present-day aircraft. Controllable-Pitch Propeller The controllable-pitch propeller permits a change of blade…