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  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Transition to a Visual Approach

    landing. Any deviations from the stabilized approach criteria should also be announced by the PM. Single-pilot operations can be much more challenging because the pilot must continue to fly by the instruments while attempting to acquire a visual reference ... divide their attention between the instruments and visual references, it is even more critical for the single- pilot operation. The flight visibility must also be at least the visibility minimum stated on the instrument approach chart, or as required…

  • Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 4. Arrival Procedures › 5-4-5. Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Charts

    types of instrument approach procedures with vertical guidance, as well. DA indicates to the pilot that the published descent profile is flown to the DA (MSL), where a missed approach will be initiated if visual references for landing ... established. Obstacle clearance is provided to allow a momentary descent below DA while transitioning from the final approach to the missed approach. The aircraft is expected to follow the missed instructions while continuing along the published final approach course…

  • Chapter 1: The National Airspace System › Teardrop Procedure › RNAV Instrument Approach Charts

    Chart terminology changes slightly to support the new procedure types: 1. DA…

  • Chapter 9: Navigation Systems › ILS Components › Approach Lighting Systems (ALS)

    critical period of an instrument approach, particularly during low ceiling/visibility conditions, is the point at which the pilot must decide whether to land or execute a missed approach. As the runway threshold is approached, the visual glidepath separates into individual ... continued by reference to the runway touchdown zone markers. The approach lighting system (ALS) provides lights that will penetrate the atmosphere far enough from touchdown to give directional, distance, and glidepath information for safe visual transition…

  • Chapter 2. Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids › Section 1. Airport Lighting Aids › 2-1-2. Visual Glideslope Indicators

    transition from instrument flight to visual flight for landing. Operational requirements dictate the sophistication and configuration of the approach light system for a particular runway. b. ALS are a configuration of signal lights starting at the landing threshold and extending ... Visual Glideslope Indicators a. Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) 1. VASI installations may consist of either 2, 4, 6, 12, or 16 light units arranged in bars referred to as near, middle, and far bars. Most VASI installations consist…

  • 14 CFR § 61.68 Category III pilot authorization requirements.

    cues during an approach in which visibility is at or above landing minima; and (D) Procedures and techniques for making a transition from instrument reference flight to visual flight during a final approach under reduced RVR. (vii) Effects of vertical…