AA.VII.E.S11

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-8
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Round Out (Flare)

  Round Out (Flare) The round out is a slow, smooth transition from a normal approach attitude to a landing attitude, gradually rounding out the flightpath to one that is parallel to and a few inches above the runway. When ... airplane approaches 10 to 20 feet above the ground in a normal descent, the round out or flare is started. Back-elevator pressure is gradually applied to slowly increase the pitch attitude and AOA. [Figure…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-17
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

  item that alters the landing speed or deceleration rate during the landing roll affects the landing distance. The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance. One effect of an increased ... gross weight is that a greater speed is required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient. For an example of the effect of a change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in landing weight requires…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-20
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Turbulent Air Approach and Landing

  With less than full flaps, the airplane is in a higher pitch attitude. Thus, it requires less of a pitch change to establish the landing attitude and touchdown at a higher airspeed to ensure more positive control. Pilots often ... normal approach speed plus one-half of the wind gust factors in turbulent conditions. If the normal speed is 70 knots, and the wind gusts are 15 knots, an increase of airspeed to 77 knots is appropriate. In any case…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 18-12
  Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › Flight Control Malfunction/Failure › Landing Gear Malfunction

  pilot can request that the runway surface be foamed. The pilot should consider burning off excess fuel. This reduces landing speed and fire potential. If the landing gear malfunction is limited to one main landing gear leg, the pilot should ... weight of the wing on that side. The reduced weight makes it possible to delay the unsupported wing from contacting the surface during the landing roll until the last possible moment. Reduced impact speeds result in less damage. If only…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-22
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Short-Field Approach and Landing

  Figure 9-23. Unstabilized approach. After the landing gear has been extended, if applicable, or when beginning a suitable final approach, the pilot simultaneously adjusts the power and the pitch attitude to establish and maintain the proper descent angle ... airspeed. During a stabilized approach, small changes in the airplane’s pitch attitude and power setting are needed when making corrections to the angle of descent and airspeed. The short-field approach and landing is an accuracy approach…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-9
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Touchdown

  Touchdown The touchdown is the gentle settling of the airplane onto the landing surface. The round out and touchdown are normally made with the engine idling. During the round out, the airspeed decays such that the airplane touches down ... main gear at or just above the approximate stalling speed. As the airplane settles, proper landing attitude is attained by application of whatever back-elevator pressure is necessary. Some pilots try to force or fly the airplane onto the ground…