AA.I.E.R1
Risk managementTurbine engine and thrust reversing system malfunctions.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Turbine Engines › Turbojet
Types of Turbine Engines Turbine engines are classified according to the type of compressors they use. There are three types of compressors— centrifugal flow, axial flow, and centrifugal-axial flow. Compression of inlet air is achieved in a centrifugal flow ... engine by accelerating air outward perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine. The axial-flow engine compresses air by a series of rotating and stationary airfoils moving the air parallel to the longitudinal axis. The centrifugal-axial flow design…
- Chapter 15: Transition to Turbopropeller-Powered Airplanes › Gas Turbine Engine
Figure 15-1. Basic components of a gas turbine engine. To start a gas turbine engine, the compressor section is normally rotated by an electric starter. As compressor revolutions per minute (rpm) increase, air flowing through the inlet is compressed ... high pressure, delivered to the combustion section, and ignited. In gas turbine engines, not all of the compressed air is used to support combustion. Some of the compressed air bypasses the burner section within the engine to provide internal cooling…
- Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Pilot Sensations in Jet Flying
Idle reverse on a propeller produces a large amount of drag. On a jet engine, however, selecting idle reverse produces very little reverse thrust. In a jet airplane, the pilot should select reverse, apply reverse thrust as appropriate, and remain ... within any AFM limitations. It is essential that pilots understand not only the normal procedures and limitations of thrust reverser use, but also the procedures for coping with uncommanded reverse. While thrust reverser systems are designed to prevent unintentional deployment…
- Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Heating System › Bleed Air Heating Systems
fuel solenoid and/or fuel pump is shut off by the mechanical overheat switch, stopping all fuel flow to the system. As opposed to the fuel fired cabin heaters that are used on most single-engine aircraft, it is unlikely ... higher-pressure air outside the chamber would travel into the chamber and out the exhaust. Bleed Air Heating Systems Bleed air heating systems are used on turbine-engine aircraft. Extremely hot compressor bleed air is ducted into a chamber where…
- Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Oil Systems
Much of the remaining heat, however, must be removed, or at least dissipated, to prevent the engine from overheating. Otherwise, the extremely high engine temperatures can lead to loss of power, excessive oil consumption, detonation, and serious engine damage. While ... system is vital to the internal cooling of the engine, an additional method of cooling is necessary for the engine’s external surface. Most small aircraft are air cooled, although some are liquid cooled. Figure 7-18. Always check…
- Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Turbine Engines › Thrust Variations
Turbine Engine Operational Considerations The great variety of turbine engines makes it impractical to cover specific operational procedures, but there are certain operational considerations common to all turbine engines. They are engine temperature limits, foreign object damage, hot start, compressor ... stall, and flameout. Engine Temperature Limitations The highest temperature in any turbine engine occurs at the turbine inlet. TIT is therefore usually the limiting factor in turbine engine operation. Thrust Variations Turbine engine thrust varies directly with air density…