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  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Using the PAVE Checklist to Identify Hazards › Pilot Hazards

    Using the PAVE Checklist to Identify Hazards As described in Chapter 1, the PAVE checklist provides a means to identify hazards using four convenient hazard “buckets.” Using all four checklist categories before a flight captures most hazards normally encountered. This ... section discusses hazards associated with each category. Pilot Hazards “P” hazards can be classified in terms of both capability and aeromedical factors as follows: 1. Qualification–Does the pilot possess the appropriate pilot certificate, category, class, and type rating needed…

  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Aircraft Hazards › Equipage

    performance may not allow for a safe departure. In situations where a climb could avoid a weather or terrain hazard, the lack of performance might contribute to an incident or accident. • Payload–Does an aircraft have the capability to carry ... Weight and Balance–Pilots who do not check center of gravity limits may experience difficulty trimming or controlling the aircraft, which could lead to a loss of control in-flight. Equipage The avionics and other equipment installed in an aircraft…

  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › RISK › Hazard and Risk

    Hazard and Risk Two defining elements of ADM are hazard and risk. Hazard is a real or perceived condition, event, or circumstance that a pilot encounters. When faced with a hazard, the pilot makes an assessment of that hazard based ... upon various factors. The pilot assigns a value to the potential impact of the hazard, which qualifies the pilot’s assessment of the hazard—risk. Therefore, risk is an assessment of the single or cumulative hazard facing a pilot; however…

  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Leading Accident Causes › Identifying Hazards

    Identifying Hazards There are several ways pilots can detect hazards. Pilots should use combinations of methods to detect hazards, including the following: • Visual Observation–A pilot’s observations provide a primary means to identify hazards. For example, a pilot ... visually observe thunderstorms and maintain a safe distance from them. A pilot who can see terrain can maneuver to avoid it. • Preflight Planning–Many hazards can be detected through preflight planning. Weather briefings identify hazards. Aircraft performance calculations, preflight inspections…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures

    following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path and land beyond its touchdown ... point. [Figure 14-47A] • Landing behind a larger aircraft on a parallel runway closer than 2,500 feet—consider the possibility of drift and stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path and note…

  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Aircraft Hazards › Performance

    checklist, which is an acronym for Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, and Emotion, can help a pilot identify these hazards. [Figure 3- 3] Note that some publications combine Emotion with Stress as the “S” in IMSAFE and leave ... pilot planning a long flight should consider appropriate food and water intake and supply. Figure 3-3. IMSAFE checklist. Aircraft Hazards “A” hazards can be classified in terms of both performance and equipage. Performance Aircraft performance hazards may include: • Fuel…