AA.VII.G.S9

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-8
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Round Out (Flare)

  Round Out (Flare) The round out is a slow, smooth transition from a normal approach attitude to a landing attitude, gradually rounding out the flightpath to one that is parallel to and a few inches above the runway. When ... airplane approaches 10 to 20 feet above the ground in a normal descent, the round out or flare is started. Back-elevator pressure is gradually applied to slowly increase the pitch attitude and AOA. [Figure…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-20
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Turbulent Air Approach and Landing

  With less than full flaps, the airplane is in a higher pitch attitude. Thus, it requires less of a pitch change to establish the landing attitude and touchdown at a higher airspeed to ensure more positive control. Pilots often ... normal approach speed plus one-half of the wind gust factors in turbulent conditions. If the normal speed is 70 knots, and the wind gusts are 15 knots, an increase of airspeed to 77 knots is appropriate. In any case…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 18-12
  Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › Flight Control Malfunction/Failure › Landing Gear Malfunction

  hard surface does, however, create sparks that can ignite fuel. If the airport is so equipped, the pilot can request that the runway surface be foamed. The pilot should consider burning off excess fuel. This reduces landing speed and fire ... potential. If the landing gear malfunction is limited to one main landing gear leg, the pilot should consume as much fuel from that side of the airplane as practicable, thereby reducing the weight of the wing on that side…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-4
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Final Approach › Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance

  This is one reason for performing approaches with partial power; if the approach is too high, the pilot can lower the nose and reduce the power to maintain the correct airspeed. When the approach is too low, the pilot ... power and raise the nose. While the proper angle of descent and airspeed are maintained by integrating pitch and power changes, an untrained or inexperienced pilot may try to reach a landing spot by applying back-elevator pressure without adding…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-17
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

  item that alters the landing speed or deceleration rate during the landing roll affects the landing distance. The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance. One effect of an increased ... gross weight is that a greater speed is required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient. For an example of the effect of a change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in landing weight requires…

• Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbookp. 6-6
  LANDING › GLASSY WATER LANDING

  Another technique is to make the final approach over land, crossing the shoreline at the lowest possible safe altitude so that a reliable height reference is maintained to within a few feet of the water surface. When adequate visual references ... available, make glassy water landings by establishing a stable descent in the landing attitude at a rate that will provide a positive, but not excessive, contact with the water. Recognize the need for this type of landing in ample time…