AA.I.D.K6

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• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-45
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Speed Ranges

  VMO/MMO is defined as the maximum operating limit speed. VMO is expressed in knots calibrated airspeed (KCAS), while MMO is expressed in Mach number. The VMO limit is usually associated with operations at lower altitudes and deals with structural loads ... flutter. The MMO limit is associated with operations at higher altitudes and is usually more concerned with compressibility effects and flutter. At lower altitudes, structural loads and flutter are of concern; at higher altitudes, compressibility effects and flutter…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-46
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Mach Number Versus Airspeed

  DC10) until reaching an altitude in the “mid-twenties” where the pilot then climbs at a constant Mach number to cruise altitude. Assuming for illustration purposes that the pilot climbs at a MMO of 0.82 from sea level ... KIAS at each altitude would follow the same behavior and just differ by a few knots. Recall from the earlier discussion that the speed of sound is decreasing with the drop in temperature as the aircraft climbs. The Mach number…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 16-4
  Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Speed Margins

  this can be an advantage in certain descent profiles, it is a handicap when it is necessary to lose speed quickly. The lack of propeller drag, along with the aerodynamically clean airframe of the jet, are new to most pilots ... pilots transitioning into jets. In level flight at idle power, it takes about 1 mile to lose 10 knots of airspeed. Speed Margins Maximum speeds in jet airplanes are expressed differently and always define the maximum operating speed…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-44
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Subsonic Versus Supersonic Flow

  Compressibility (and to a lesser extent viscosity) is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air around an aircraft. During flight, a wing produces ... lift by accelerating the airflow over the upper surface. This accelerated air can, and does, reach sonic speeds even though the aircraft itself may be flying subsonic. At some extreme AOAs, in some aircraft, the speed of the air over…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 5-16
  Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Stall Training

  Stall Training Practice in both power-on and power-off stalls is important because it simulates stall conditions that could occur during normal flight maneuvers. It is important for pilots to understand the possible flight scenarios in which a stall ... could occur. Stall accidents usually result from an inadvertent stall at a low altitude, with the recovery not completed prior to ground contact. For example, power-on stalls are practiced to develop the pilot’s awareness of what could happen…

• 14 CFR Part 121 — Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental OperationsOpen
  14 CFR § 121.434 Operating experience, operating cycles, and consolidation of knowledge and skills.

  Operating experience, operating cycles, and consolidation of knowledge and skills. operating flight time for consolidation of knowledge and skills (including operating experience required under paragraph (c) of this section) within 120 days after the satisfactory completion of: (1) Any part ... have qualified and served as pilot in command or second in command on a particular type airplane in operations under this part before August 25, 1995 are not required to complete line operating flight time for consolidation of knowledge…