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  • Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Effect and Use of Flight Controls

    With the pilot’s hand: ⦁ When pulling the elevator pitch control toward the pilot, which is an aft movement of the control wheel, yoke, control stick, or side stick controller (referred to as adding back pressure), the airplane’s nose ... airplane. Think of this movement from the pilot’s feet to the pilot’s head. ⦁ When pushing elevator pitch control toward the instrument panel, (referred to as increasing forward pressure), the airplane rotates the nose forward relative to the pilot…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Air Traffic Control (ATC) Services › Radar Traffic Advisories

    traffic is referenced by azimuth from the aircraft in terms of the 12-hour clock. Also, distance in nautical miles, direction in which the target is moving, and type and altitude of the aircraft, if known, are given. An example ... would be: “Traffic 10 o’clock 5 miles east bound, Cessna 152, 3,000 feet.” The pilot should note that traffic position is based on the aircraft track and that wind correction can affect the clock position at which…

  • Chapter 8: Airport Traffic Patterns › Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations

    sometimes make a straight-in approach for landing. A pilot is not expected to have extensive knowledge of all traffic patterns at all airports, but if the pilot is familiar with the basic rectangular pattern, it is easy to make ... proper approaches and departures from most airports, regardless of whether or not they have control towers. However, if there is not a control tower, it is the pilot’s responsibility to determine the direction of the traffic pattern, to comply…

  • Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Trim Control

    then hold the wings level with aileron flight control pressure while rudder control pressure is trimmed out. Finally, aileron trim should be adjusted to relieve any aileron flight control pressure. A properly trimmed airplane is an indication of good piloting ... skills. Any control forces that the pilot feels should be a result of deliberate flight control pressure inputs during a planned change in airplane attitude, not a result of forces being applied by the airplane. A common trim control error…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Radio Communications › Lost Communication Procedures

    assists a pilot in the use and understanding of standard terminology. The AIM also contains many examples of radio communications. Figure 14-40. Traffic pattern operation—parallel runways. ICAO has adopted a phonetic alphabet that should be used in radio ... communications. When communicating with ATC, pilots should use this alphabet to identify their aircraft. [Figure 14-41] Lost Communication Procedures It is possible that a pilot might experience a malfunction of the radio. This might cause the transmitter, receiver…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls

    addition, in some large and fast aircraft, controls are boosted by hydraulically or electrically actuated systems. In both the fly-by-wire and boosted controls, the feel of the control reaction is fed back to the pilot by simulated means ... Current research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center involves Intelligent Flight Control Systems (IFCS). The goal of this project is to develop an adaptive neural network-based flight control system. Applied directly to flight…