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  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Final Approach Segment

    Final Approach Segment The final approach segment for an approach with vertical guidance or a precision approach begins where the glideslope/glidepath intercepts the minimum glideslope/ glidepath intercept altitude shown on the approach chart. If ATC authorizes a lower intercept altitude ... final approach segment begins upon glideslope/glidepath interception at that altitude. For a non-precision approach, the final approach segment begins either at a designated FAF, which is depicted as a cross on the profile view, or at the point where…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Power-Off Accuracy Approaches › 180° Power-Off Approach

    Full flaps should be delayed until it is clear that adding them will not cause the landing to be short of the point. The pilot should never try to stretch the glide or retract the flaps to reach the desired ... landing spot. On short final, full attention is given to making a good, safe landing rather than concentrating on the selected landing spot. The approach angle used and final approach airspeed determine the probability of landing on the spot…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control › Approaches to Parallel Runways

    Approaches to Parallel Runways Procedures permit ILS instrument approach operations to dual or triple parallel runway configurations. A parallel approach is an ATC procedure that permits parallel ILS approach to airports with parallel runways separated by at least ... feet between centerlines. Wherever parallel approaches are in progress, pilots are informed that approaches to both runways are in use. Simultaneous approaches are permitted to runways: 1. With centerlines separated by 4,300 to 9,000 feet; 2. Equipped with…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › NDB Approach

    Additionally, the final approach course and the extended runway centerline angle of convergence cannot exceed 30° for straight-in approaches. This type of NDB approach is afforded a minimum of 350 feet obstacle clearance. When a FAF is established ... approach, the approach design criteria changes. It also takes into account whether or not the NDB is located on or off the airport. Additionally, this type of approach can be made both moving toward or away from the NDB facility…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Approach Clearance

    meet the precision approach standards of ICAO Annex 10, but provides course and glidepath deviation information. For example, Baro-VNAV, LDA with glidepath, LNAV/VNAV and LPV are APV approaches. Non-precision approach (NPA)—an instrument approach based on a navigation ... that provides course deviation information but no glidepath deviation information. For example, VOR, TACAN, LNAV, NDB, LOC, and ASR approaches are examples of NPA procedures. Missed Approach Segment The missed approach segment begins at the MAP and ends…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approaches › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control

    altitude/flight levels are issued as required for spacing and separating aircraft; do not deviate from the headings issued by approach control. 4. Aircraft are normally informed when it becomes necessary to be vectored across the final approach course for spacing ... other reasons. If approach course crossing is imminent and the pilot has not been informed that the aircraft will be vectored across the final approach course, the pilot should query the controller. The pilot is not expected to turn inbound…