AA.I.D.K1

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 3-5
  Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction › Major Components › Alternate Types of Wings

  Figure 3-6. Monoplane (left) and biplane (right). Attached to the rear, or trailing edges, of the wings are two types of control surfaces referred to as ailerons and flaps. Ailerons extend from about the midpoint of each wing outward ... toward the tip, and move in opposite directions to create aerodynamic forces that cause the airplane to roll. Flaps extend outward from the fuselage to near the midpoint of each wing. The flaps are normally flush with the wing…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 3-10
  Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Trim Control

  then hold the wings level with aileron flight control pressure while rudder control pressure is trimmed out. Finally, aileron trim should be adjusted to relieve any aileron flight control pressure. A properly trimmed airplane is an indication of good piloting ... skills. Any control forces that the pilot feels should be a result of deliberate flight control pressure inputs during a planned change in airplane attitude, not a result of forces being applied by the airplane. A common trim control error…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-21
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Effect of Wing Planform

  Figure 5-33. Different types of wing planforms. A decrease in aspect ratio will give a corresponding increase in drag. It should be noted, however, that with an increase in aspect ratio there is an increase in the length ... span, with a corresponding increase in the weight of the wing structure, which means the wing must be heavier to carry the same load. For this reason, part of the gain (due to a decrease in drag) is lost because…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-49
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Boundary Layer Separation › Mach Buffet Boundaries

  There are also occasions when the buffet can be experienced at much lower speeds known as the “low-speed Mach buffet.” An aircraft flown at a speed too slow for its weight and altitude necessitating a high ... most likely situation to cause a low-speed Mach buffet. This very high AOA has the effect of increasing airflow velocity over the upper surface of the wing until the same effects of the shock waves and buffet occur…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 16-11
  Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Pilot Sensations in Jet Flying

  longer periods of time, which can lead to overcontrolling. The variation of pitch attitudes flown in a jet airplane also results from high thrust, flight characteristics of the low aspect ratio, and the swept wing. Flight at higher pitch attitudes ... requires greater reliance on the flight instruments for airplane control since outside references may be absent. Proficiency in attitude instrument flying, therefore, is essential to successful transition to jet airplane flying. Control sensitivity will differ amongst various airplanes. Because…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-49
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Boundary Layer Separation › High Speed Flight Controls

  High Speed Flight Controls On high-speed aircraft, flight controls are divided into primary flight controls and secondary or auxiliary flight controls. The primary flight controls maneuver the aircraft about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes. They include the ailerons ... elevator, and rudder. Secondary or auxiliary flight controls include tabs, leading edge flaps, trailing edge flaps, spoilers, and slats. Spoilers are used on the upper surface of the wing to spoil or reduce lift. High speed aircraft, due to their…