AA.III.A.K4

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 6-1
  Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Prior to Takeoff

  directional control and alignment with the runway center line during the climb out. These may be runway centerline markings, runway lighting, distant trees, towers, buildings, or mountain peaks. Figure 6-1. Takeoff and climb. Figure 6-2. Performance chart examples…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-15
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Marking and Lighting of Permanently Closed Runways and Taxiways › Airport Signs

  Airport Signs There are six types of signs that may be found…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 11-8
  Chapter 11: Night Operations › Starting, Taxiing, and Run-up

  overheating or electrical power is an issue, the landing light may be used only if necessary. When using lights, consideration should be given to not blinding other pilots. Pilots should taxi slowly, particularly in congested areas. If taxi lines ... takeoff, the pilot should verify that the aircraft position, taxi route, and runway for the departure all appear as expected. The taxi diagram, signage, pavement markings, and instruments should all reinforce the pilot's situational awareness. If any conflicting information…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 11-11
  Chapter 11: Night Operations › Approaches and Landings

  have a tendency to round out too high. Continuing a constant approach descent until the landing lights reflect on the runway and tire marks on the runway can be seen clearly helps identify the point to begin the round ... runway lights at the far end of the runway first appear to be rising higher than the nose of the airplane. This demands a smooth and very timely round out and requires that the pilot feel for the runway surface…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. G-13
  Glossary › Numbers and Symbols

  Runway centerline markings. The runway centerline identifies the center of the runway and provides alignment guidance during takeoff and landings. The centerline consists of a line of uniformly spaced stripes and gaps. Runway edge lights. Runway edge lights are used…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-14
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Airport Markings and Signs › Marking and Lighting of Permanently Closed Runways and Taxiways

  Permanently Closed Runways and Taxiways For runways and taxiways that are permanently closed, the lighting circuits are disconnected. The runway threshold, runway designation, and touchdown markings are obliterated and yellow “Xs” are placed at each end of the runway ... foot intervals. Figure 14-26. Holding position marking on a taxiway. For temporarily closed runways and taxiways, a visual indication is often provided with yellow “Xs” or raised lighted yellow “Xs” placed at each end of the runway. Depending…