AA.III.E.S12

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-12
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  induced drag may result in marginal initial climb performance. In extreme conditions, such as high gross weight, high density altitude, and high temperature, a deficiency of airspeed during takeoff may permit the aircraft to become airborne but be incapable ... climb performance. It is also important that a definite climb be established before a pilot retracts the landing gear or flaps. Never retract the landing gear or flaps prior to establishing a positive rate of climb and only after achieving…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 3-17
  Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Climbs and Climbing Turns

  Normal climb speed is generally higher than the airplane’s best rate of climb. The additional airspeed provides for better engine cooling, greater control authority, and better visibility over the nose of the airplane. Normal climb is sometimes referred ... cruise climb. ⦁ Best rate of climb (VY)—produces the most altitude gained over a given amount of time. This airspeed is typically used when initially departing a runway without obstructions until it is safe to transition to a normal…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-6
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance

  Positive climb performance occurs when an aircraft gains PE by increasing altitude. Two basic factors, or a combination of the two factors, contribute to positive climb performance in most aircraft: 1. The aircraft climbs (gains PE) using excess power above ... that required to maintain level flight, or 2. The aircraft climbs by converting airspeed (KE) to altitude (PE). As an example of factor 1 above, an aircraft with an engine capable of producing 200 horsepower (at a given altitude…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 16-17
  Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Jet Airplane Takeoff and Climb › Initial Climb

  Initial Climb Once the proper pitch attitude is attained, the pilot should maintain it. Takeoff power is also maintained and the airspeed allowed to accelerate. Landing gear retraction should be accomplished after a positive rate of climb has been established ... confirmed. In some airplanes gear retraction may temporarily increase the airplane drag while landing gear doors open. Premature gear retraction may cause the airplane to settle back toward the runway surface. In addition, the vertical speed indicator and the altimeter…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 6-13
  Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb › Initial Climb

  Initial Climb After a positive rate of climb is established, and the airplane has accelerated to VY, the pilot should retract the landing gear and flaps, if equipped. If departing from an airstrip with wet snow or slush ... takeoff surface, the gear should not be retracted immediately so that any wet snow or slush can be air-dried. In the event an obstacle needs to be cleared after a soft-field takeoff, the pilot should perform the climb…