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  • Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › Inadvertent VFR Flight Into IMC

    Inadvertent VFR Flight Into IMC It is beyond the scope of this handbook to incorporate a course of training in basic attitude instrument flying. This information is contained in the Instrument Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-15). Certain pilot certificates ... and/or associated ratings require training in instrument flying and a demonstration of specific instrument flying tasks on the practical test. Pilots and flight instructors should refer to the Instrument Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-15) for guidance in the performance…

  • Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction › Chapter Summary › Navigation Instruments

    Chapter Summary Figure 3-18. Analog display (top) and digital display (bottom) from a Cessna 172. Control Instruments The control instruments display immediate attitude and power changes and are calibrated to permit adjustments in precise increments. [Figure ... instrument for attitude display is the attitude indicator. The control instruments do not indicate aircraft speed or altitude. In order to determine these variables and others, a pilot must reference the performance instruments. Navigation Instruments The navigation instruments indicate…

  • Chapter 1: Introduction to Risk Management › Risk Management Analysis Using the PAVE Checklist

    only 10 minutes of fuel remaining. A check of the weather revealed he would be flying into marginal weather conditions. By asking himself whether it was more critical to maintain the schedule or to arrive with an intact aircraft ... able to keep to the schedule. He chose not to “stretch” the fuel supply in marginal weather conditions which could have resulted in an emergency landing. Figure 1-2. The PAVE checklist. The pilot reported to air traffic control…

  • Chapter 2: Personal Minimums › Personal Minimums › Step 2—Assess Experience and Comfort Level

    ceiling as 7,000 feet, and the lowest visibility as 15 miles. A pilot may never experience MVFR conditions and would leave the dash in place. However, in this example and as shown in Figure 2-3, the pilot regularly ... flies in an area where normal summer flying involves hazy conditions over relatively flat terrain and is more experienced and comfortable in MVFR. The pilot used the MVFR column to record personal minimums of a 2,500-foot ceiling…

  • Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › System Malfunctions › Pitot-Static System

    system (AHRS) functions so that a blockage of the input system may also affect the attitude display. With conventional instrumentation, the design and operation are similar regardless of aircraft or manufacturer. By comparing information between the six conventional instruments, pilots ... able to diagnose common failure modes. Instrument failure indications of conventional instruments and electronic flight displays may be entirely different, and electronic systems failure indications are not standardized. With the wide diversity in system design of glass displays, the primary…

  • Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Turns Around a Point

    following are the most common errors made while performing rectangular courses: 1. Failure to adequately clear the surrounding area for safety hazards, initially and throughout the maneuver. 2. Failure to establish a constant, level altitude prior to entering the maneuver ... Failure to maintain altitude during the maneuver. 4. Failure to properly assess wind direction. 5. Failure to establish the appropriate wind correction angle. 6. Failure to apply coordinated aileron and rudder pressure, resulting in slips and skids. 7. Failure…