AI.II.B.K6

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 8-6
  Chapter 8: Airport Traffic Patterns › Safety Considerations

  rear of the airplane to check for other aircraft. Figure 8-4 depicts the greatest threat area for mid-air collisions in the traffic pattern. Listed below are important facts regarding mid-air collisions: ⦁ Mid-air collisions generally occur during ... afternoon, 32 percent occur in the morning, and 2 percent occur at night, dusk, or dawn. ⦁ Most mid-air collisions occur under good visibility. ⦁ A mid-air collision is most likely to occur between two aircraft going in the same…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 4-4-12
  Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation › 4-4-15. Use of Visual Clearing Procedures and Scanning Techniques

  Spotting a potential collision threat increases directly as more time is spent looking outside the aircraft. One must use timesharing techniques to effectively scan the surrounding airspace while monitoring instruments as well. d. Since the eye can focus only ... with a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field. Each movement should not exceed ten degrees, and each area should be observed for at least one second…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 1-11
  Chapter 1: Introduction to Flight Training › Safety Considerations › Collision Avoidance

  with a series of short, regularly-spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field. Each movement should not exceed 10 degrees, and each area should be observed for at least 1 second ... that is comfortable and adhere to it to assure optimum scanning. Peripheral vision can be most useful in spotting collision threats from other aircraft. Each time a scan is stopped and the eyes are refocused, the peripheral vision takes…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 5-4-65
  Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 4. Arrival Procedures › 5-4-23. Visual Approach

  Visual Approach a. A visual approach is conducted on an IFR flight plan and authorizes a pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must have either the airport or the preceding identified aircraft ... sight. This approach must be authorized and controlled by the appropriate air traffic control facility. Reported weather at the airport must have a ceiling at or above 1,000 feet and visibility 3 miles or greater. ATC may authorize this…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 5-4-22
  Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 4. Arrival Procedures › 5-4-5. Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Charts

  within the circling area in order to land safely. l. In isolated cases, an IAP may contain a published visual flight path. These procedures are annotated “Fly Visual to Airport” or “Fly Visual.” A dashed arrow indicating the visual flight ... distance to the end of the runway. 1. The depicted ground track or flightpath associated with the “Fly Visual to Airport” segment should be flown with flight instrumentation (when advisory lateral and vertical guidance is provided) and/or pilotage or dead…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. PCG V-4
  Pilot/Controller Glossary › V

  pilots and controllers to indicate type of flight plan. (See INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES.) (See INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.) (See VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.) (Refer to 14 CFR part 91.) (Refer to AIM.) VISUAL HOLDING- The holding of aircraft at selected, prominent geographical ... fixes which can be easily recognized from the air. (See HOLDING FIX.) VISUAL LINE OF SIGHT (VLOS)- Condition of operations wherein the operator maintains continuous, unaided visual contact with the unmanned aircraft. VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS- Meteorological conditions expressed in terms…