AI.II.D.K1

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 4-7
  Chapter 4: Principles of Flight › Airfoil Design

  constant values. They vary, not only with flight conditions, but also with different wing designs. Different airfoils have different flight characteristics. Many thousands of airfoils have been tested in wind tunnels and in actual flight, but no one airfoil ... each aircraft dictate the shape of its airfoil. The most efficient airfoil for producing the greatest lift is one that has a concave or “scooped out” lower surface. As a fixed design, this type of airfoil sacrifices too much speed…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

  constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness to control inputs while allowing ... flight control surfaces (ailerons, elevator or stabilator, or rudder), changes the airflow and pressure distribution over and around the airfoil. These changes affect the lift and drag produced by the airfoil/ control surface combination, and allow a pilot to control…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 4-9
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight

  Chapter Summary Modern general aviation aircraft have what may be considered high performance characteristics. Therefore, it is increasingly necessary that pilots appreciate and understand the principles upon which the art of flying is based. For additional information on the principles ... power and flight controls are essential to flight. This chapter discusses the aerodynamics of flight—how design, weight, load factors, and gravity affect an aircraft during flight maneuvers. The four forces acting on an aircraft in straight-and-level, unaccelerated…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 13-10
  Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Operation of Systems › Anti-Icing/Deicing Equipment

  Degradation of all flight characteristics and large performance losses can be expected with ice accumulations. Pilots should not rely upon the stall warning devices for adequate stall warning with ice accumulations. Ice accumulates unevenly on the airplane. It adds weight ... accumulation building to hazardous levels. The autopilot suddenly disconnects when it reaches design limits, and the pilot may find the airplane has assumed unsatisfactory handling characteristics. The installation of anti-ice/deice equipment on airplanes without AFM/POH approval for flight…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Stalling Speeds

  When a sufficiently high AOA is imposed, the smooth flow of air over an airfoil breaks up and separates, producing an abrupt change of flight characteristics and a sudden loss of lift, which results in a stall. A study ... increasing the load factor, as in a steep turn or spiral; • When intentionally stalling an aircraft above its design maneuvering speed, a tremendous load factor is imposed. Figures 5-53 and 5-54 show that banking an aircraft greater than…