AI.II.D.K3

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-36
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers

  Spins Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers Critical load factors apply to all flight maneuvers except unaccelerated straight flight where a load factor of 1 G is always present. Certain maneuvers considered in this section are known to involve relatively high ... load factors. Full application of pitch, roll, or yaw controls should be confined to speeds below the maneuvering speed. Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g., large sideslip…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 3-23
  Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Glides › Gliding Turns

  Gliding Turns The absence of the propeller slipstream, , p-factor, loss of effectiveness of the various flight control surfaces at lower airspeeds, and designed-in aerodynamic corrections complicate the task of flight control coordination in comparison to powered flight ... learner. These principles should be thoroughly explained to the learner by the flight instructor. Three elements in gliding turns that tend to force the nose down and increase glide speed are: 1. Decrease in lift due to the direction…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-17
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Turn Coordinator

  Turn Coordinator The gimbal in the turn coordinator is canted; therefore, its gyro can sense both rate of roll and rate of turn. Since turn coordinators are more prevalent in training aircraft, this discussion concentrates on that instrument. When rolling ... into or out of a turn, the miniature aircraft banks in the direction the aircraft is rolled. A rapid roll rate causes the miniature aircraft to bank more steeply than a slow roll rate. The turn coordinator can be used…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-15
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Precession

  This principle allows the gyro to determine a rate of turn by sensing the amount of pressure created by a change in direction. The rate at which the gyro precesses is inversely proportional to the speed of the rotor ... proportional to the deflective force. Using the example of the bicycle, precession acts on the wheels in order to allow the bicycle to turn. While riding at normal speed, it is not necessary to turn the handle bars…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-16
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Turn-and-Slip Indicator

  Turn Indicators Aircraft use two types of turn indicators: turn-and-slip indicators and turn coordinators. Because of the way the gyro is mounted, the turn-and-slip indicator shows only the rate of turn in degrees per second ... turn coordinator is mounted at an angle, or canted, so it can initially show roll rate. When the roll stabilizes, it indicates rate of turn. Both instruments indicate turn direction and quality (coordination), and also serve as a backup source…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-22
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Turns

  basic truth about turns is that when the aircraft banks, lift acts inward toward the center of the turn, perpendicular to the lateral axis as well as upward. Newton’s First Law of Motion, the Law of Inertia, states that ... acted on by some other force. An aircraft, like any moving object, requires a sideward force to make it turn. In a normal turn, this force is supplied by banking the aircraft so that lift is exerted inward, as well…