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  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Fuel Systems › Fuel System Icing

    hazardous. Remember, the use of a chamois does not always ensure decontaminated fuel. Worn-out chamois do not filter water; neither will a new, clean chamois that is already water-wet or damp. Most imitation chamois skins do not filter ... water. Fuel System Icing Ice formation in the aircraft fuel system results from the presence of water in the fuel system. This water may be undissolved or dissolved. One condition of undissolved water is entrained water that consists of minute…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › V-Tail

    This motion is called yaw. Like the other primary control surfaces, the rudder is a movable surface hinged to a fixed surface in this case, to the vertical stabilizer or fin. The rudder is controlled by the left and right ... rudder pedals. When the rudder is deflected into the airflow, a horizontal force is exerted in the opposite direction. [Figure 6-15] By pushing the left pedal, the rudder moves left. This alters the airflow around the vertical stabilizer/rudder…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Fuel Systems › Fuel Contamination

    strainer quick drain and from each fuel tank sump into a transparent container and then checked for dirt and water. When the fuel strainer is being drained, water in the tank may not appear until all the fuel has been ... drained from the lines leading to the tank. This indicates that water remains in the tank and is not forcing the fuel out of the fuel lines leading to the fuel strainer. Therefore, drain enough fuel from the fuel strainer…

  • SEAPLANE, SKIPLANE, and FLOAT/SKI EQUIPPED HELICOPTER OPERATIONS HANDBOOK › SEAPLANE LANDING

    crests. SPRAY RAILS—Metal flanges attached to the inboard forward portions of the chines to reduce the amount of water spray thrown into the propeller. VESSEL—Anything capable of being used for transportation on water, including seaplanes. SWELL PERIOD ... time interval between the passage of two successive crests at the same spot in the water, measured in seconds. WATER RUDDERS— Retractable control surfaces on the back of each float that can be extended downward into the water to provide…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Adverse Yaw

    designed to function differentially. Like the differential aileron, the frise-type aileron does not eliminate adverse yaw entirely. Coordinated rudder application is still needed when ailerons are applied. Coupled Ailerons and Rudder Coupled ailerons and rudder are linked controls. This ... accomplished with rudder-aileron interconnect springs, which help correct for aileron drag by automatically deflecting the rudder at the same time the ailerons are deflected. For example, when the control wheel, or control stick, is moved to produce a left…

  • Chapter 1: Aircraft Structures › Primary Flight Control Surfaces › Rudder

    When the right pedal is pushed forward, it deflects the rudder to the right which moves the nose of the aircraft to the right. The left pedal is rigged to simultaneously move aft. When the left pedal is pushed forward ... with the other primary flight controls, the transfer of the movement of the flight deck controls to the rudder varies with the complexity of the aircraft. Many aircraft incorporate the directional movement of the nose or tail wheel into…