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  • Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Engine Inoperative Flight Principles › Derivation of VMC

    altitude. With turbocharged engines, takeoff power, and therefore VMC, remains constant with increases in altitude up to the engine's critical altitude (the altitude where the engine can no longer maintain 100 percent power). Above the critical altitude, VMC decreases ... section 23.149(b)(5)). VMC increases with increased drag on the inoperative engine. VMC is highest, therefore, when the critical engine propeller is windmilling at the low pitch, high rpm blade angle. VMC is normally determined with the critical engine…

  • Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Engine Inoperative Flight Principles › ⦁ All propeller controls in the recommended takeoff position throughout VMC determination

    optimum airplane attitude or configuration for climb performance. During dynamic VMC determination in aircraft certification, cuts of the critical engine using the mixture control are performed by flight test pilots while gradually reducing the speed with each attempt ... which directional control could be maintained within 20° of the original entry heading when a cut of the critical engine was made. During such tests, the climb angle with both engines operating was high, and the pitch attitude following…

  • Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Jet Airplane Takeoff and Climb › V-Speeds

    when planning for takeoff. ⦁ VS —stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable. ⦁ V1 —critical engine failure speed or takeoff decision speed. It is the speed at which the pilot is to continue the takeoff ... within the accelerate-stop distance. It is also the minimum speed in the takeoff, following a failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the pilot can continue the takeoff and achieve the required height above the takeoff surface…

  • Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Terms and Definitions

    intentional OEI speed—originally known as safe single-engine speed. It is the minimum speed to intentionally render the critical engine inoperative. ⦁ VREF —reference landing speed—an airspeed used for final approach, which is normally 1.3 times VSO, the stall ... previously defined in 14 CFR part 23, section 23.149 as the calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical engine is suddenly made inoperative, it is possible to maintain control of the airplane with that engine still inoperative, and thereafter maintain…

  • 14 CFR § 91.611 Authorization for ferry flight with one engine inoperative.

    final takeoff climb requirement not less than 1.2 percent at the end of the takeoff path with two critical engines inoperative; and (ii) The climb speed not less than the two-engine inoperative trim speed for the actual steady gradient ... paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section. (5) The airplane must be satisfactorily controllable in a climb with two critical engines inoperative. Climb performance may be shown by calculations based on, and equal in accuracy to, the results of testing…