AI.IX.A.K3c
KnowledgeAerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:
Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
From the FAA library
- Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Steep Turns
higher load factors, steep turns should be performed at an airspeed that does not exceed the airplane’s design maneuvering speed (VA) or operating maneuvering speed (VO). Maximum turning performance for a given speed is accomplished when an airplane ... flight without exceeding the airplane’s structural limitations or stalling. As the load factor increases, so does the stalling speed. For example, if an airplane stalls in level flight at 50 knots, it will stall at 60 knots…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Subsonic Versus Supersonic Flow
Compressibility (and to a lesser extent viscosity) is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air around an aircraft. During flight, a wing produces ... lift by accelerating the airflow over the upper surface. This accelerated air can, and does, reach sonic speeds even though the aircraft itself may be flying subsonic. At some extreme AOAs, in some aircraft, the speed of the air over…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Stalling Speeds
Load Factors and Stalling Speeds Any aircraft, within the limits of its structure, may be stalled at any airspeed. When a sufficiently high AOA is imposed, the smooth flow of air over an airfoil breaks up and separates, producing ... abrupt change of flight characteristics and a sudden loss of lift, which results in a stall. A study of this effect has revealed that an aircraft’s stalling speed increases in proportion to the square root of the load factor…
- Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight › Performing the Slow Flight Maneuver
adequate height above the ground for recovery should the airplane inadvertently stall. To begin the slow flight maneuver, the pilot should clear the area and gradually reduce thrust from cruise power and adjust the pitch to allow the airspeed ... decrease while maintaining altitude. As the speed of the airplane decreases, there is a change in the sound of the airflow. As the speed approaches the target slow flight speed, which is an airspeed just above the stall warning…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers
Spins Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers Critical load factors apply to all flight maneuvers except unaccelerated straight flight where a load factor of 1 G is always present. Certain maneuvers considered in this section are known to involve relatively high ... load factors. Full application of pitch, roll, or yaw controls should be confined to speeds below the maneuvering speed. Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g., large sideslip…
- Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Lazy Eight
Lazy Eight The lazy eight is a maneuver that is designed to develop the proper coordination of the flight controls across a wide range of airspeeds and attitudes. It is the only standard flight training maneuver in which flight control ... pressures are constantly changing. In an attempt to simplify the discussion about this maneuver, the lazy eight can be loosely compared to the ground reference maneuver, S-turns across the road. Recall that S-turns across the road are made…