AI.IX.A.K3d

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 5-19
  Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Accelerated Stalls

  with VA or VO, how it relates to accelerated stalls, and how it changes depending on the airplane's weight. VA is the maximum speed at which the positive design load limit can be imposed either by gusts or full ... where, at any given weight, the pilot may apply full control excursion without exceeding the design limit load factor. Performing accelerated stalls at speeds up to the applicable VA or VO, ensures the airplane will reach the critical AOA, which…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-1
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Effects of Weight

  product of the mass of a body and the acceleration acting on the body. Weight is a major factor in aircraft construction and operation and demands respect from all pilots. The force of gravity continuously attempts to pull an aircraft ... angle of attack (AOA), airspeed, and air density. To assure that the lift generated is sufficient to counteract weight, loading an aircraft beyond the manufacturer’s recommended weight must be avoided. If the weight is greater than the lift generated…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors in Steep Turns

  Load Factors in Steep Turns At a constant altitude, during a coordinated turn in any aircraft, the load factor is the result of two forces: centrifugal force and weight. [Figure 5-52] For any given bank angle, the ROT varies ... with the airspeed—the higher the speed, the slower the ROT. This compensates for added centrifugal force, allowing the load factor to remain the same. Figure 5-52. Two forces cause load factor during turns. Figure 5-53 reveals…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Stalling Speeds

  Load Factors and Stalling Speeds Any aircraft, within the limits of its structure, may be stalled at any airspeed. When a sufficiently high AOA is imposed, the smooth flow of air over an airfoil breaks up and separates, producing ... abrupt change of flight characteristics and a sudden loss of lift, which results in a stall. A study of this effect has revealed that an aircraft’s stalling speed increases in proportion to the square root of the load factor…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-36
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers

  Spins Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers Critical load factors apply to all flight maneuvers except unaccelerated straight flight where a load factor of 1 G is always present. Certain maneuvers considered in this section are known to involve relatively high ... load factors. Full application of pitch, roll, or yaw controls should be confined to speeds below the maneuvering speed. Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g., large sideslip…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 10-2
  Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Steep Turns

  Pilots should also understand that load factors increase dramatically during a level turn beyond 60° of bank. Note that the design of a standard category general aviation airplane accommodates a load factor up to 3.8. A level turn using ... bank exceeds that limit. Because of higher load factors, steep turns should be performed at an airspeed that does not exceed the airplane’s design maneuvering speed (VA) or operating maneuvering speed (VO). Maximum turning performance for a given speed…