AI.IX.B.S2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-22
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Turns

  rudder is used in a turn, the nose of the aircraft yaws to the outside of the turn. The rudder is used rolling into the turn to bring the nose back in line with the relative wind. Once ... turn, the rudder should not be needed. Figure 5-34. Forces during normal, coordinated turn at constant altitude. An aircraft is not steered like a boat or an automobile. In order for an aircraft to turn, it must be banked…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 3-16
  Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Level Turns › Establishing a Turn

  steeper turns, additional power may be required to maintain airspeed. If altitude is not being maintained during the turn, the pitch attitude should be corrected in relation to the natural horizon and cross-checked with the flight instruments to verify ... performance. Steep turns require accurate, smooth, and timely flight control inputs. Minor corrections for pitch attitude are accomplished with proportional elevator back pressure while the bank angle is held constant with the ailerons. However, during steep turns…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors in Steep Turns

  Load Factors in Steep Turns At a constant altitude, during a coordinated turn in any aircraft, the load factor is the result of two forces: centrifugal force and weight. [Figure 5-52] For any given bank angle, the ROT varies ... centrifugal force, allowing the load factor to remain the same. Figure 5-52. Two forces cause load factor during turns. Figure 5-53 reveals an important fact about turns—the load factor increases at a terrific rate after a bank…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 10-3
  Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Steep Spiral

  Spiral The objective of the steep spiral is to provide a flight maneuver for rapidly dissipating substantial amounts of altitude while remaining over a selected spot. This maneuver may be useful during an emergency landing. A steep spiral ... gliding turn wherein the pilot maintains a constant radius around a surface-based reference point—similar to the turns around a point maneuver, but in this case the airplane is rapidly descending. The maneuver consists of the completion…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 3-23
  Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Glides › Gliding Turns

  Gliding Turns The absence of the propeller slipstream, , p-factor, loss of effectiveness of the various flight control surfaces at lower airspeeds, and designed-in aerodynamic corrections complicate the task of flight control coordination in comparison to powered flight ... learner. These principles should be thoroughly explained to the learner by the flight instructor. Three elements in gliding turns that tend to force the nose down and increase glide speed are: 1. Decrease in lift due to the direction…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-22
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Steep Turns

  When turning to an east or west heading from a southerly direction, start the rollout approximately 5 degrees before the east or west indication is reached. When turning to other headings, the lead or lag must be interpolated. Abrupt changes ... resulting erratic movements of the compass card make accurate interpretations of the instrument very difficult. Proficiency in compass turns depends on knowledge of compass characteristics, smooth control technique, and accurate bank-and-pitch control. Figure 7-35. North and south…