Flight Instructor for Airplane Category › IX. Performance and Ground Reference Maneuvers › Task E. Ground Reference Maneuvers

AI.IX.E.S4

Skill

Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point.

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Study note

Get a short, cited explanation of this element written from the FAA handbooks: the core idea, the numbers that matter, common test traps, and a quick self-check.

From the FAA library

Airplane Flying Handbook p. 7-8
Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Turns Around a Point
Figure 7-5. Turns around a point. When performing a turn around a point, the pilot should select a prominent, ground-based reference that is easily distinguishable yet small enough to present a precise reference ... fastest, at the appropriate radius of turn and distance from the selected ground-based reference point. In a high-wing airplane, the lowered wing may block the view of the ground reference point, especially in airplanes with…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 10-7
Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Lazy Eight
performance of the lazy eight’s symmetrical climbing/descending turns, the pilot selects prominent reference points on the natural horizon. The reference points selected should be at 45°, 90°, and 135° from the direction in which the maneuver ... from level flight a gradual climbing turn is begun in the direction of the 45° reference point. The climbing turn should be planned and controlled so that the maximum pitch-up attitude is reached…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 3-8
Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Straight Flight
overall situational awareness. Straight flight allows flying along a line. For outside references, the pilot selects a point on the horizon aligned with another point ahead. If those two points stay in alignment, the airplane will track ... line formed by the two points. A pilot can also hold a course in VFR by tracking to a point in front of a compass or magnetic direction indicator, with only glances at the instrument or indicator to ensure being…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 3-6
Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight
descents, and climbs. Straight-and-level flight is a matter of consciously fixing the relationship of a reference point on the airplane in relation to the natural horizon. [Figure 3-6] The establishment of these reference points should ... make reference lines on the windshield or cowling to help the beginner pilot establish visual reference points. Vertical reference lines are best established on the ground, such as when the airplane is placed on a marked centerline…
Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook - General p. 12-38
Chapter 12: Fundamentals of Electricity & Electronics › Series DC Circuits › Voltage Dividers
volts across R1 60 volts across R2 50 volts across R3 The voltage divider circuit discussed up to this point has had one side of the power supply (battery) at ground potential. In Figure 12-91, the common reference point (ground symbol) has been moved to a different point on the voltage divider. The voltage drop across R1 is 20 volts; however, since tap A is connected to a point in the circuit that is at the same…