Flight Instructor for Airplane Category › IX. Performance and Ground Reference Maneuvers › Task E. Ground Reference Maneuvers

AI.IX.E.S5

Skill

If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction, as specified by the evaluator.

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Get a short, cited explanation of this element written from the FAA handbooks: the core idea, the numbers that matter, common test traps, and a quick self-check.

From the FAA library

Airplane Flying Handbook p. 7-4
Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control › Constant Radius During Turning Flight
segments of ground-referenced turns. To demonstrate the effect that wind has on turns, the pilot should select a straight-line ground reference, such as a road or railroad track. [Figure 7-3] Choosing a straight-line ground ... reference that is parallel to the wind, the airplane would be flown into the wind and directly over the selected straight-line ground reference. Once a straight-line ground reference is established, the pilot makes a 360° constant medium…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 7-7
Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Turns Around a Point
following are the most common errors made while performing rectangular courses: 1. Failure to adequately clear the surrounding area for safety hazards, initially and throughout the maneuver. 2. Failure to establish a constant, level altitude prior to entering the maneuver ... smooth and continuous manner. 8. Failure to properly divide attention between airplane control and orientation with ground references. 9. Failure to execute turns with accurate timing. Turns Around a Point Turns around a point are a logical…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 7-10
Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Elementary Eights
Each of these maneuvers is a variation of a turn around a point. Each eight uses two ground reference points about which the airplane turns first in one direction and then the opposite direction—like ... purposes: ⦁ Further development of the pilot’s skill in maintaining a specific relationship between the airplane and the ground references. ⦁ Improving the pilot’s ability to divide attention between the flightpath and ground-based references, manipulation of the flight controls…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 7-1
Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Maneuvering by Reference to Ground Objects
driver adjusts the pressure on the accelerator pedal to smoothly join the new lane. In the same manner, multiple references are required to precisely control the airplane in reference to the ground. Not all ground-based references are visually equal ... Awareness of typical visual illusions helps a pilot select appropriate references. For example, larger objects or references may appear closer than they actually are when compared to smaller objects or references. Prevailing visibility has a significant effect on the pilot…