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  • Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Introduction

    failure of the pilot. A significant number of takeoff accidents are the result of loss of control of the airplane. When compared to the entire profile of a normal flight, this phase of a flight is relatively short ... pilot workload is intense. This chapter discusses takeoffs and departure climbs in airplanes under normal conditions and under conditions that require maximum performance. Though it may seem relatively simple, the takeoff often presents the most hazards of any part…

  • Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb › Initial Climb

    rotate to the appropriate pitch attitude at (or near) VX. The pilot should be aware that some airplanes have a natural tendency to lift off well before reaching VX. In these airplanes, it may be necessary to allow the airplane ... lift off in ground effect and then reduce pitch attitude to level until the airplane accelerates to VX with the wheels just clear of the runway surface. This method is preferable to forcing the airplane to remain on the ground…

  • Chapter 14: Transition to Tailwheel Airplanes › Soft-Field Takeoff

    Short-Field Takeoff With the exception of flap settings and initial climb speed as recommended by the manufacturer, there is little difference between the techniques described above for normal takeoffs. After liftoff, the pitch attitude should be adjusted as required ... obstacle clearance. However, note that manufacturers of some airplanes, especially of higher power, recommend a short-field technique with liftoff in a three-point attitude. Pilots should always review and follow the airplane manufacturer's recommended procedures. Soft-Field Takeoff…

  • Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Jet Airplane Takeoff and Climb › Initial Climb

    Landing gear retraction should be accomplished after a positive rate of climb has been established and confirmed. In some airplanes gear retraction may temporarily increase the airplane drag while landing gear doors open. Premature gear retraction may cause the airplane ... runway surface. In addition, the vertical speed indicator and the altimeter may not show a positive climb until the airplane is 35 to 50 feet above the runway due to ground effect. The pilot should hold the climb pitch attitude…

  • Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb › Takeoff Roll

    field requires the takeoff to be started from the very beginning of the takeoff area. At this point, the airplane is aligned with the intended takeoff path. If the airplane manufacturer recommends the use of flaps, they are extended ... before beginning the takeoff roll. This allows the pilot to devote full attention to the proper technique and the airplane’s performance throughout the takeoff. The pilot should apply takeoff power smoothly and continuously, without hesitation, to accelerate the airplane…

  • Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb › Takeoff Roll

    Takeoff Roll As the airplane is aligned with the takeoff path, the pilot should apply takeoff power smoothly and as rapidly as the powerplant can accept without faltering. As the airplane accelerates, the pilot should apply enough back-elevator pressure ... establish a positive AOA and to reduce the weight supported by the nose-wheel. When the airplane is held at a nose-high attitude throughout the takeoff run, the wings increasingly relieve the wheels of the airplane’s weight…