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  • Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Ground Effect on Takeoff

    gain in altitude for a given distance over the ground. It is usually slightly less than VY, which is the greatest gain in altitude per unit of time. The specific speeds to be used for a given airplane are stated ... airplanes, a deviation of 5 knots from the recommended speed may result in a significant reduction in climb performance; therefore, the pilot should maintain precise control of the airspeed to ensure the maneuver is executed safely and successfully…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance

    Positive climb performance occurs when an aircraft gains PE by increasing altitude. Two basic factors, or a combination of the two factors, contribute to positive climb performance in most aircraft: 1. The aircraft climbs (gains PE) using excess power above ... that required to maintain level flight, or 2. The aircraft climbs by converting airspeed (KE) to altitude (PE). As an example of factor 1 above, an aircraft with an engine capable of producing 200 horsepower (at a given altitude…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight › Maneuvering in Slow Flight

    Practicing this maneuver in other configurations, such as a clean or takeoff configuration, is also good training and may be evaluated on the practical test. With an AOA just under the AOA which may cause an aerodynamic buffet or stall ... airplanes, torque, slipstream effect, and P-factor may produce a strong left yaw, which requires right rudder input to maintain coordinated flight. The closer the airplane is to the 1G stall, the greater the amount of right rudder pressure required…

  • Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 3. En Route Procedures › 5-3-1. ARTCC Communications

    Uplink Message Elements (LVLU) CPDLC Message Sets Operational Definition in PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) W/U LVLU-5 Instruction to maintain the specified level or vertical range. W/U LVLU-6 Instruction that a climb to the specified level or vertical range ... commence and once reached is to be maintained. UM20 CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN (altitude) Note - Used for a single level UM23 DESCEND TO AND MAINTAIN (altitude) Note - Used for a single level Instruction that a descent to the specified level…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight › Performing the Slow Flight Maneuver

    adequate height above the ground for recovery should the airplane inadvertently stall. To begin the slow flight maneuver, the pilot should clear the area and gradually reduce thrust from cruise power and adjust the pitch to allow the airspeed ... decrease while maintaining altitude. As the speed of the airplane decreases, there is a change in the sound of the airflow. As the speed approaches the target slow flight speed, which is an airspeed just above the stall warning…