AI.VII.B.S9

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

  Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-8
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Round Out (Flare)

  Round Out (Flare) The round out is a slow, smooth transition from a normal approach attitude to a landing attitude, gradually rounding out the flightpath to one that is parallel to and a few inches above the runway. When ... airplane approaches 10 to 20 feet above the ground in a normal descent, the round out or flare is started. Back-elevator pressure is gradually applied to slowly increase the pitch attitude and AOA. [Figure…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 3-6
  Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Straight Flight

  wing, both wingtips should be level and equally above or below the natural horizon. Any necessary bank corrections are made with the pilot’s coordinated use of ailerons and rudder. [Figure 3-7] The pilot should understand that anytime ... wings are banked, the airplane turns. The objective of straight flight is to detect and correct small deviations, necessitating minor flight control corrections. The bank attitude information can also be obtained from a quick scan of the attitude indicator (which…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 9-8
  Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Positive Exchange of Flight Controls › Procedure

  Procedure During flight training, there should always be a clear understanding between learners and flight instructors about who has control of the aircraft. The preflight briefing should include procedures for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step process ... exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended. When an instructor is teaching a maneuver to a learner, the instructor normally demonstrates the maneuver first, then has the learner follow along…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 5-4-4
  Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 4. Arrival Procedures › 5-4-3. Approach Control

  Approach Control a. Approach control is responsible for controlling all instrument flight operating within its area of responsibility. Approach control may serve one or more airfields, and control is exercised primarily by direct pilot and controller communications. Prior to arriving ... destination radio facility, instructions will be received from ARTCC to contact approach control on a specified frequency. b. Radar Approach Control. 1. Where radar is approved for approach control service, it is used not only for radar approaches (Airport Surveillance…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-15
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing › Crosswind Final Approach

  Crosswind Final Approach When using the crab method, the pilot makes a coordinated turn to establish a heading (crab) toward the wind. The selected heading should align the airplane’s wings-level ground track with the centerline of the runway ... pilot makes small heading corrections, if needed, to maintain alignment with the runway. [Figure 9-15] The appropriate crab angle is maintained until just prior to touchdown, when the pilot uses rudder control to align the longitudinal axis…