AI.VII.E.S3

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-12
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient

  Runway Surface and Gradient Runway conditions affect takeoff and landing performance. Typically, performance chart information assumes paved, level, smooth, and dry runway surfaces. Since no two runways are alike, the runway surface differs from one runway to another, as does ... runway gradient or slope. [Figure 11-15] Runway surfaces vary widely from one airport to another. The runway surface encountered may be concrete, asphalt, gravel, dirt, or grass. The runway surface for a specific airport is noted in the Chart…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 4-3-11
  Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 3. Airport Operations › 4-3-6. Use of Runways/Declared Distances

  conducted at the time of landing must fall within the applicable declared distances before the pilot can accept that runway for takeoff or landing. (c) Runway design standards may impose restrictions on the amount of runway available ... takeoff and landing that are not apparent from the reported physical length of the runway or from runway markings and lighting. The runway elements of Runway Safety Area (RSA), Runway Object Free Area (ROFA), and Runway Protection Zone…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 6-8
  Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Crosswind Takeoff › Initial Climb

  Initial Climb If a proper crosswind correction is applied, the aircraft will maintain alignment with the runway while accelerating to takeoff speed and then maintain that alignment once airborne. As takeoff acceleration occurs, the efficiency of the up-aileron will ... initially turned into the wind, can be relaxed to the extent necessary to keep the aircraft aligned with the runway. As the aircraft becomes flyable and airborne, the wing that is upwind will have a tendency to be lower relative…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-13
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning

  Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning Water on the runways reduces the friction between the tires and the ground and can reduce braking effectiveness. The ability to brake can be completely lost when the tires are hydroplaning because ... layer of water separates the tires from the runway surface. This is also true of braking effectiveness when runways are covered in ice. When the runway is wet, the pilot may be confronted with dynamic hydroplaning. Dynamic hydroplaning…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 16-15
  Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Jet Airplane Takeoff and Climb › Rejected Takeoff

  maximum speed by which a rejected takeoff assures that a safe stop can be completed within the remaining runway or runway and stopway; 2.) The minimum speed which assures that a takeoff can be safely completed within the remaining runway ... runway and clearway, after failure of the most critical engine at the designated speed; and 3.) The single speed which permits a successful stop or continued takeoff when operating at the minimum allowable field length for a particular weight…