AI.VII.G.S10
SkillAvoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
From the FAA library
- Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Fixed-Pitch Propeller
Small aircraft are equipped with either one of two types of propellers: fixed-pitch or adjustable-pitch. Figure 7-6. Changes in propeller blade angle from hub to tip. Fixed-Pitch Propeller A propeller with fixed blade angles ... fixed-pitch propeller. The pitch of this propeller is set by the manufacturer and cannot be changed. Since a fixed-pitch propeller achieves the best efficiency only at a given combination of airspeed and rpm, the pitch setting is ideal…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Basic Propeller Principles
variation is caused by changes in the relative airstream, which in turn results from changes in aircraft speed. Thus, propeller AOA is the product of two motions: propeller rotation about its axis and its forward motion. A constant-speed propeller ... efficiency for most conditions encountered in flight. During takeoff, when maximum power and thrust are required, the constant-speed propeller is at a low propeller blade angle or pitch. The low blade angle keeps the AOA small and efficient with…
- Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Controllable-Pitch Propeller › Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise
means to sense engine rpm. The "Blade Angle Control" section of this chapter discusses the ways a propeller governor adjusts propeller blade angle. Other factors affect constant-speed propeller blade pitch. When an airplane is nosed up into a climb ... changing the manifold pressure at a constant rpm; or by changing both rpm and manifold pressure. The constant-speed propeller makes it possible to obtain an infinite number of power settings. Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise During takeoff, when the forward…
- SKIPPING › GLASSY WATER TAKEOFFS
GLASSY WATER TAKEOFFS Glassy water makes takeoff more difficult in two ways. The smoothness of the surface has the effect of increasing drag, making acceleration and lift-off more difficult. This can feel as if there is suction between ... water and the floats. A little surface roughness actually helps break the contact between the floats and the water by introducing turbulence and air bubbles between water and the float bottoms. The intermittent contact between floats and water…
- SKIPPING
seaplane. Density altitude is particularly important in seaplane flying. High, hot, and humid conditions reduce engine power and propeller efficiency, and the seaplane must also attain a higher water speed in order to generate the lift required for takeoff. This ... increase in water speed means overcoming additional water drag. All of these factors combine to increase takeoff distances and decrease climb performance. In high density altitude conditions, consider not only the length of the water run, but the room required…
- Chapter 7: Propellers › Types of Propellers › Controllable-Pitch Propeller
Ground-Adjustable Propeller The ground-adjustable propeller operates as a fixed-pitch propeller. The pitch, or blade angle, can be changed only when the propeller is not turning. This is done by loosening the clamping mechanism that holds the blades ... tightened, the pitch of the blades cannot be changed in flight to meet variable flight requirements. The ground-adjustable propeller is not often used on present-day aircraft. Controllable-Pitch Propeller The controllable-pitch propeller permits a change of blade…