AI.VII.H.R2

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-12
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Go-Arounds (Rejected Landings) › Ground Effect

  Ground Effect Ground effect is a factor in every landing and every takeoff in fixed-wing airplanes. Ground effect can also be an important factor in go arounds. If the go-around is made close to the ground, the airplane ... ground effect area. Pilots are often lulled into a sense of false security by the apparent “cushion of air” under the wings that initially assists in the transition from an approach descent to a climb. This “cushion of air,” however…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... wingtip vortices, there may be a change in position (installation) error of the airspeed system associated with ground effect. In the majority of cases, ground effect causes an increase in the local pressure at the static source and produces…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-17
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

  item that alters the landing speed or deceleration rate during the landing roll affects the landing distance. The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance. One effect of an increased ... speed is required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient. For an example of the effect of a change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in landing weight requires a ten percent increase in landing…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 6-10
  Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Ground Effect on Takeoff

  Ground Effect on Takeoff Ground effect is a condition of improved performance encountered when the airplane is operating very close to the ground. Ground effect can be detected and normally occurs up to an altitude equal to one wingspan above ... surface. [Figure 6-7] Ground effect is most significant when the airplane maintains a constant attitude at low airspeed at low altitude (for example, during takeoff when the airplane lifts off and accelerates to climb speed, and during the landing…