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  • Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction › Alternate Types of Wings › Landing Gear

    also functions as a trim tab to relieve control pressures and helps maintain the stabilator in the desired position. Figure 3-10. Empennage components. Figure 3-11. Stabilator components. Landing Gear The landing gear is the principal support ... airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or landing. The most common type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplanes can also be equipped with floats for water operations or skis for landing on snow. [Figure 3-12] Wheeled landing…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Hydraulic Systems

    must be serviced with the type specified by the manufacturer. Refer to the AFM/POH or the Maintenance Manual. Landing Gear The landing gear forms the principal support of an aircraft on the surface. The most common type of landing gear ... also be equipped with floats for water operations or skis for landing on snow. [Figure 7-37] The landing gear on small aircraft consists of three wheels: two main wheels (one located on each side of the fuselage…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Hydraulic Systems › Tailwheel Landing Gear

    Tailwheel Landing Gear Tailwheel landing gear airplanes have two main wheels attached to the airframe ahead of its CG that support most of the weight of the structure. A tailwheel at the very back of the fuselage provides a third ... larger propeller and is more desirable for operations on unimproved fields. With the CG located behind the main landing gear, directional control using this type of landing gear is more difficult while on the ground. This is the main disadvantage…

  • Chapter 2. Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids › Section 3. Airport Marking Aids and Signs › 2-3-5. Holding Position Markings

    Otherwise, pilots are authorized to use the entire landing length of the runway and disregard the holding position markings. 3. Holding Position Markings on Taxiways Located in Runway Approach Areas. These markings are used at some airports where ... does not interfere with the operations on that runway. This marking is collocated with the runway approach/departure area holding position sign. When specifically instructed by ATC, “Hold short of Runway XX approach or Runway XX departure area,” the pilot MUST…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Hydraulic Systems › Fixed and Retractable Landing Gear

    Fixed and Retractable Landing Gear Landing gear can also be classified as either fixed or retractable. Fixed landing gear always remains extended and has the advantage of simplicity combined with low maintenance. Retractable landing gear is designed to streamline ... airplane by allowing the landing gear to be stowed inside the structure during cruising flight. [Figure 7-39] Brakes Airplane brakes are located on the main wheels and are applied by either a hand control or by foot pedals…

  • Chapter 8: Aviation Instructor Responsibilities and Professionalism › Aviation Instructor Responsibilities › Emphasizing the Positive

    Emphasizing the Positive The way instructors conduct themselves and the attitudes they display make an impression on learners. An aviation instructor's ability to teach in a manner that gives learners a positive image of aviation contributes to the instructor ... success. [Figure 8-3] Figure 8-3. Learners learn more when instruction is presented in a positive and professional manner. Chapter 3, The Learning Process, emphasized that a negative self-concept inhibits the perceptual process, that fear adversely affects learner…