AI.X.B.K7

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-8
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

  dynamic pressure expands or contracts one side of the diaphragm, which is attached to an indicating system. The system drives the mechanical linkage and the airspeed needle. Just as in altitudes, there are multiple types of airspeeds. Pilots ... need to be very familiar with each type. • Indicated airspeed (IAS)—the direct instrument reading obtained from the ASI, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error. Manufacturers use this airspeed as the basis…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 4-1
  Chapter 4: Energy Management: Mastering Altitude and Airspeed Control › Viewing the Airplane as an Energy System › A Frame of Reference for Managing Energy State

  Viewing the Airplane as an Energy System The total mechanical energy of an airplane in flight is the sum of its potential energy from altitude and kinetic energy from airspeed. The potential energy is expressed ... kinetic energy as ½ mV². Thus, the airplane's total mechanical energy can be stated as: mgh + ½ mV² Where, m = mass g = gravitational constant h = height (altitude) V = velocity (airspeed) A flying airplane is an “open” energy system, which means…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 13-23
  Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Engine Inoperative Flight Principles › Derivation of VMC

  Engine Inoperative Flight Principles There are two main considerations for OEI operations—performance and control. Multiengine pilots learn to operate the airplane for maximum rate of climb performance at the blue radial indicated airspeed by training to fly without ... sideslip. Pilots also learn to recognize and recover from loss of directional control associated with the red radial indicated airspeed by performing a VMC demonstration. Since the object of a VMC demonstration is not performance, sideslip occurs during…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 4-6
  Chapter 4: Energy Management: Mastering Altitude and Airspeed Control › Rules of Energy Control › Visualizing the Airplane’s Ability to “Move” Between Energy States

  Rules of Energy Control The central principle encapsulating the role of the throttle and elevator for managing the airplane’s energy can be summed up as follows: coordinated throttle and elevator inputs control the airplane’s energy state. Modifying ... general energy control rules to achieve and maintain any desired vertical flight path and airspeed targets within the airplane’s energy envelope. Visualizing the Airplane’s Ability to “Move” Between Energy States To better understand the basic rules…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 9-2
  Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents › Airspeed

  Airspeed Airspeed limitations are shown on the airspeed indicator (ASI) by color coding and on placards or graphs in the aircraft. [Figure 9-1] A red line on the ASI shows the airspeed limit beyond which ... structural damage could occur. This is called the never-exceed speed (VNE). A yellow arc indicates the speed range between maximum structural cruising speed (VN0) and VNE. Operation of an aircraft in the yellow airspeed arc is for smooth…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 8-5
  Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Straight-and-Level Flight › Airspeed Indicator

  first neutralizing the controls and allowing the pitch attitude to stabilize, then readjusting the pitch attitude by noting the indications of the other pitch instruments. Occasionally, the VSI may be slightly out of calibration. This could result in the instrument ... indicating a slight climb or descent even when the helicopter is in level flight. If the instrument cannot be calibrated properly, this error must be taken into consideration when using the VSI for pitch control. For example, if a descent…