Flight Instructor for Airplane Category › X. Slow flight, Stalls, and Spins › Task B. Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and ASES)

AI.X.B.K7e

Knowledge

Airspeeds specific to the airplane for various operations, how to identify them on the airspeed indicator (if applicable), and their significance in airplane performance, including:

Reference landing speed

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Study note

Get a short, cited explanation of this element written from the FAA handbooks: the core idea, the numbers that matter, common test traps, and a quick self-check.

From the FAA library

Airplane Flying Handbook p. 13-1
Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Terms and Definitions
safe single-engine speed. It is the minimum speed to intentionally render the critical engine inoperative. ⦁ VREF —reference landing speed—an airspeed used for final approach, which is normally 1.3 times VSO, the stall speed in the landing configuration…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 5-9
Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight
stall speed is a good target. ⦁ Performing slow flight in configurations appropriate to takeoffs, climbs, descents, approaches to landing, and go-arounds. Slow flight should be introduced with the target airspeed sufficiently above the stall to permit safe maneuvering ... airspeed decreases, control effectiveness decreases. For instance, reducing airspeed from 30 knots to 20 knots above the stalling speed will result in a certain loss of effectiveness of flight control inputs because of less airflow over the control surfaces…
Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge p. 8-9
Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Airspeed Indicator Markings
coded markings: • White arc—commonly referred to as the flap operating range since its lower limit represents the full flap stall speed and its upper limit provides the maximum flap speed. Approaches and landings are usually flown at speeds within…
Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge p. 8-8
Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › Airspeed Indicator (ASI)
density, installation error, or instrument error. Manufacturers use this airspeed as the basis for determining aircraft performance. Takeoff, landing, and stall speeds listed in the AFM/ POH are IAS and do not normally vary with altitude or temperature. Figure ... generally greatest at low airspeeds. In the cruising and higher airspeed ranges, IAS and CAS are approximately the same. Refer to the airspeed calibration chart to correct for possible airspeed errors…
Aviation Instructor's Handbook p. 9-10
Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Integrated Flight Instruction › Development of Habit Patterns
landings because of more precise airspeed control. Effective use of instruments also results in superior cross-country navigation, better coordination, and generally, a better overall pilot competency level. General aviation accident reports provide ample support for the belief that reference ... instrument rating. Pilots in training who are asked to perform all normal flight maneuvers by reference to instruments, as well as by outside references, will develop the habit of continuously monitoring their own and the aircraft’s performance. . The habits…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 3-23
Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Glides
perceived, the learner should cross-check the visual and pressure references. The learner should use all three airspeed references (sound, visual, and pressure) consciously until experience is gained, and then remain alert to any variation in attitude, feel, or sound ... those glides conducted at speeds other than the best glide speed. Glide airspeeds that are too slow or too fast may result in the airplane not being able to make the intended landing spot, flat approaches, hard touchdowns, floating, overruns…