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Risk management

Range, limitations, and operational characteristics of airspeed indicators and stall warning indicators (e.g., airplane buffet, stall horn, etc.).

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From the FAA library

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight

    pilot training and testing purposes, slow flight includes two main elements: ⦁ Slowing to, maneuvering at, and recovering from an airspeed at which the airplane is still capable of maintaining controlled flight without activating the stall warning—5 to 10 knots ... above the 1G stall speed is a good target. ⦁ Performing slow flight in configurations appropriate to takeoffs, climbs, descents, approaches to landing, and go-arounds. Slow flight should be introduced with the target airspeed sufficiently above the stall to permit…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Airspeed Indicator Markings

    Airspeed Indicator Markings Aircraft weighing 12,500 pounds or less, manufactured after 1945, and certificated by the FAA are required to have ASIs marked in accordance with a standard color-coded marking system. This system of color-coded markings enables ... pilot to determine at a glance certain airspeed limitations that are important to the safe operation of the aircraft. For example, if during the execution of a maneuver, it is noted that the airspeed needle is in the yellow…

  • CHAPTER 2. FLIGHT TRAINING: STALLS › 200. STALL TRAINING › a. Stall Avoidance Practice at Slow Airspeeds

    This loss of power will result in a VMC lower than the stall speed at higher altitudes. (VMC is the minimum control speed with the critical engine inoperative). Also, some airplanes have such an effective rudder that even ... level VMC is lower than stall speed. For these airplanes, demonstrating loss of directional control may be safely conducted by limiting rudder travel to simulate maximum rudder available. Limiting rudder travel should be accomplished well above the power-off stall…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

    dynamic pressure expands or contracts one side of the diaphragm, which is attached to an indicating system. The system drives the mechanical linkage and the airspeed needle. Just as in altitudes, there are multiple types of airspeeds. Pilots need ... very familiar with each type. • Indicated airspeed (IAS)—the direct instrument reading obtained from the ASI, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error. Manufacturers use this airspeed as the basis for determining aircraft performance. Takeoff, landing…

  • Chapter 5: Rotorcraft Flight Manual › Operating Limitations (Section 2) › Airspeed Limitations

    Instrument Markings Instrument markings may include, but are not limited to, green, red, and yellow ranges for the safe operation of the aircraft. The green marking indicates a range of continuous operation. The red range indicates the maximum or minimum ... operation allowed while the yellow range indicates a caution or transition area. Airspeed Limitations Airspeed limitations are shown on the airspeed indicator by color coding and on placards or graphs in the aircraft. A red line on the airspeed indicator…

  • 14 CFR Part 91, Appendix G to Part 91—Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace

    Part 91, Appendix G to Part 91—Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace An RVSM flight envelope includes the range of Mach number, weight divided by atmospheric pressure ratio, and altitudes over which an aircraft is approved ... operated in cruising flight within RVSM airspace. RVSM flight envelopes are defined as follows: (a) The full RVSM flight envelope is bounded as follows: (1) The altitude flight envelope extends from FL 290 upward to the lowest altitude…